<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6042835124768184724</id><updated>2012-01-12T15:46:09.434+08:00</updated><category term='昆蟲百態'/><category term='大家談科學'/><category term='昆蟲與人'/><category term='評論'/><category term='科月二十紀念文集'/><category term='國際期刊傳真'/><category term='科普閱讀年'/><category term='科月四十'/><category term='數‧生活與學習'/><category term='游理數．數裡遊'/><category term='實驗室巡禮'/><category term='全球天文年'/><category term='科普書講堂'/><category term='科月說'/><category term='永續發展與綠色科技'/><category term='勘誤'/><category term='紙上專討會'/><category term='閱讀時間'/><category term='高中生了沒'/><category term='科學家書房小物'/><category term='科學不迷信'/><category term='.訂閱須知.'/><category term='學子看華生'/><category term='中研院點將錄'/><category term='科學史話'/><category term='科學大觀園'/><category term='編輯室手記'/><category term='一月紀聞'/><category term='化學年聊化學'/><category term='百年大紀'/><category term='咱的海'/><category term='總編輯的話'/><category term='目錄'/><title type='text'>科學月刊邁入四十二周年！</title><subtitle type='html'>Open your eye. Open your mind. There are a lot of things you can explore in Science!</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default?start-index=101&amp;max-results=100'/><author><name>SCIENCE MONTHLY</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06972761480182912092</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>689</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6042835124768184724.post-6508814118426535564</id><published>2012-01-12T15:46:00.000+08:00</published><updated>2012-01-12T15:46:09.449+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='目錄'/><title type='text'>2012年1月號505期　目錄</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-EtLht_5lyQY/Tw6OXVQCEYI/AAAAAAAAApo/BQpzEmq8Oos/s1600/2012-01-cover.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="400" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-EtLht_5lyQY/Tw6OXVQCEYI/AAAAAAAAApo/BQpzEmq8Oos/s400/2012-01-cover.jpg" width="282" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;謠言破解 &amp;nbsp;傳說終結—&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;2012末日將至&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;世界末日會在2012年12月21日到來這樣的說法，好幾年前就廣為流傳，隨著時間的逼近，傳言也越演越烈，甚至連地球毀滅的方式都有好幾種不同的版本：地磁逆轉、太陽閃焰、世紀強震、黑洞吞噬、隕石降臨……，總之，人類文明似乎未能倖免且終將毀於一旦。如今，當我們正跨入2012之際，是不是也開始擔憂地球毀滅的倒數計時已經啟動了呢？&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;18&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;2012世界末日預言有誤？&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;張　廷&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;20&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;地磁逆轉與太陽閃焰殺手&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;陳文屏&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;26&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;世紀大地震即將來襲？&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;趙　丰&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;30&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;超大質量黑洞吞噬地球？&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;曾耀寰&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;36&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;追緝太陽系的隕石威脅&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;金升光&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;43&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;末日．科幻．啟示錄&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;鄭運鴻&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;■ 編輯室手記&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;1&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;倒數開始 &lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt; 連以婷&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;■ 評　論&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;4&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;由泰國洪災談台灣都市防洪新思維 &lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt; 虞國興&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;6&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;一月紀聞 &lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt; 編輯部&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;■ 科學＠流行&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;10&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;處理器—電子產品的心臟 &lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt; 曲建仲&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;■ 物理人物理事&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;12&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;牛頓站在哪些巨人的肩上？ &lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt; 紀延平&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;■ 數．生活與學習&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;14&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;從多項式揭開無窮的秘密 &lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt; 單維彰&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;54&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;311日本大地震的啟示：&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;災不可測，務防範於未然 &lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt; 陳卉瑄&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;59&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;連分數與星象週期：&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;否證「超級月亮」之謬 &lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt; 蕭偉智　陳彩鳳&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;■ 新聞裡的生物醫學&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;64&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;美國幹細胞政策的反覆 &lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt; 江建勳&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;■ 科學教育 我有話說&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;68&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;現今高中物理教學的困境略談 &lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt; 紀延平&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;■ 話中有化&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;72&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;珠璣科學—八字編與正多面體 &lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt; 金必耀　左家靜&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;■ 科學大觀園&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;74&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;台灣珊瑚礁魚類的人工繁殖與復育 &lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt; 呂明毅&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;76&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;閱讀時間 &lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt; 編輯部&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6042835124768184724-6508814118426535564?l=scimonth.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/feeds/6508814118426535564/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6042835124768184724&amp;postID=6508814118426535564&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/6508814118426535564'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/6508814118426535564'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2012/01/20121505.html' title='2012年1月號505期　目錄'/><author><name>SCIENCE MONTHLY</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06972761480182912092</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-EtLht_5lyQY/Tw6OXVQCEYI/AAAAAAAAApo/BQpzEmq8Oos/s72-c/2012-01-cover.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6042835124768184724.post-454282504775623149</id><published>2011-12-30T11:26:00.015+08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T12:04:08.702+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='目錄'/><title type='text'>2011年12月號504期　目錄</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-IrndUajjhCQ/TtcrwIzP7aI/AAAAAAAAAnQ/n3C2WTPxLvA/s1600/11-12-cover.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-IrndUajjhCQ/TtcrwIzP7aI/AAAAAAAAAnQ/n3C2WTPxLvA/s320/11-12-cover.jpg" width="226" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;2011.12月號504期　目錄&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 882&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;編輯室手記&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/12/blog-post.html"&gt;大膽假設，小心求證&lt;/a&gt;　　編輯部&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 884&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;評　論&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/12/blog-post_01.html"&gt;正視大學教育的國中化與技職化&lt;/a&gt;　　王文竹&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 886&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;一月紀聞國內篇／國外篇　　編輯部&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 890&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;永續發展與綠色科技&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/12/blog-post_3242.html"&gt;從搖籃到搖籃的老莊哲學&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;駱尚廉&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 892&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;數．生活與學習&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/12/blog-post_6791.html"&gt;多項式與微分學的第一篇論文&lt;/a&gt;　　 單維彰&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 894&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;昆蟲百態&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/12/blog-post_6454.html"&gt;國寶級的蝴蝶—寬尾鳳蝶&lt;/a&gt;　　朱耀沂&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 896&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;游理數．數裡遊&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/12/blog-post_02.html"&gt;圍棋與數學&lt;/a&gt;　　游森棚&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 898&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;國際期刊傳真　　特約編輯群&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 902&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;封面故事&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;2011諾貝爾獎特別報導　　編輯部&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 904&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;封面故事&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/12/blog-post_4957.html"&gt;從「星」看世界—加速膨脹的宇宙&lt;/a&gt;　&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;張慈錦、魏韻純&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 909&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;封面故事&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/12/blog-post_2428.html"&gt;結晶學的黃金傳奇—準晶的發現與研究進展&lt;/a&gt;　　李積琛&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 916&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;封面故事&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/12/blog-post_2033.html"&gt;維繫健康的抗病機制—免疫系統活化的秘密&lt;/a&gt;　楊寧蓀等&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 922&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;封面故事&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/12/blog-post_4608.html"&gt;理性預期學派的見解—減稅與降息有效嗎？&lt;/a&gt;　廖珮如&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 926&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/12/2011.html"&gt;詼諧之外的嚴肅—2011搞笑諾貝爾獎&lt;/a&gt;　　林快樂&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 929&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/12/blog-post_2613.html"&gt;監控列車行駛 確保安全距離—淺談先進列車自動保護系統&lt;/a&gt;　黃柏文等&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 934&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;紙上專討會&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/12/blog-post_4917.html"&gt;運動增進記憶力？&lt;/a&gt;　　程樹德&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 938&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/12/blog-post_2677.html"&gt;愛因斯坦的最大錯誤？—宇宙論常數&lt;/a&gt;　　賴昭正&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 944&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;科學大觀園&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;長尾南蜥保護的是蛋還是巢？　　黃文山&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 946&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;化學年聊化學&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;石油用完了怎麼辦？　　高憲章、王文竹&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 950&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;科學教育我有話說&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;關於99學測的爭議題目—國王之杯成色原理　　紀延平&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 952&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;科學教育我有話說&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;99學測爭議題目有關國王之杯成色原理之回應　　王崇人&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 955&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;科學月刊第四十二卷總目錄索引&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 960&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;12月號科月讀者滿意度調查表&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6042835124768184724-454282504775623149?l=scimonth.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/feeds/454282504775623149/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6042835124768184724&amp;postID=454282504775623149&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/454282504775623149'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/454282504775623149'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/12/201112504.html' title='2011年12月號504期　目錄'/><author><name>SCIENCE MONTHLY</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06972761480182912092</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-IrndUajjhCQ/TtcrwIzP7aI/AAAAAAAAAnQ/n3C2WTPxLvA/s72-c/11-12-cover.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6042835124768184724.post-8106283441059235928</id><published>2011-12-30T09:01:00.000+08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T15:30:55.668+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='目錄'/><title type='text'>2011年11月號503期　目錄</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LO6w2y22BTs/TrI6HE8BmoI/AAAAAAAAAm0/hhe9Oj4QzVE/s1600/01-11-cover.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LO6w2y22BTs/TrI6HE8BmoI/AAAAAAAAAm0/hhe9Oj4QzVE/s320/01-11-cover.jpg" width="226" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;2011.11月號503期　目錄&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 802&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;編輯室手記&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;放眼太空 &amp;nbsp;走向未來　　編輯部&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 804&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;評　論&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;開發與生態保育，是兩條沒有交集的路線？　　程一駿&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 806&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;百年大紀&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;鑑往知來—台灣百年科技回顧（民國91~100年）　　編輯部&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 808&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;一月紀聞國內篇／國外篇　　編輯部&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 812&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;永續發展與綠色科技&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;綠色永續工程　駱尚廉&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 814&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;數．生活與學習&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;每個月寫一篇專欄的職業　　單維彰&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 816&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;昆蟲百態&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;昆蟲界的最大家族—象鼻蟲　　朱耀沂&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 818&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;游理數．數裡遊&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;見樹又見林—從「群」解數學教育　　游森棚&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 820&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;國際期刊傳真　　特約編輯群&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 822&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;特別報導&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;2011年國科會科學季—未來科技狂想曲　　范賢娟&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 826&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;中研院點將錄&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;結構生物學大師 「解」出不平凡的人生—&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;中研院副院長王惠鈞專訪　　連以婷&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 831&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;封面故事&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;太空探測器，將視野延伸到天際　　編輯部&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 832&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;封面故事&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;透視地球大氣的眼睛—&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;太空光學儀器　　倪簡白&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 838&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;封面故事&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;閃電現象揭密—福衛二號「高空大氣閃電影像儀」　　許瑞榮&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 846&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;封面故事&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;驚異奇航—星塵號　　劉名章、沈君山&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 852&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;封面故事&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;太空電漿的中性原子分析器原理和測量技術　　葉永烜&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 858&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;焦點報導&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;微中子超光速實驗—打破宇宙速度極限？　　方勵之&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 862&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;愛滋抗戰三十年（下）　　江建勳&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 868&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;科學教育 我有話說&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;見怪不怪？談物理教科書上的平均速度　　邱韻如&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 872&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;科學大觀園&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;為什麼要參觀博物館？　　劉德祥&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 874&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;科學史話&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;六十七與采風圖　　張之傑&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 876&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;化學年聊化學&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;不安分的電子—雷射　　林金全&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 880&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;11月號科月讀者滿意度調查表&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6042835124768184724-8106283441059235928?l=scimonth.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/feeds/8106283441059235928/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6042835124768184724&amp;postID=8106283441059235928&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/8106283441059235928'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/8106283441059235928'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/11/201111503.html' title='2011年11月號503期　目錄'/><author><name>SCIENCE MONTHLY</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06972761480182912092</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LO6w2y22BTs/TrI6HE8BmoI/AAAAAAAAAm0/hhe9Oj4QzVE/s72-c/01-11-cover.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6042835124768184724.post-6122494943335765781</id><published>2011-12-30T08:55:00.000+08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T15:30:25.826+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='目錄'/><title type='text'>2011年10月號502期　目錄</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9RvngOqAtbU/To2lDw3irTI/AAAAAAAAAmw/pcuImYNarM0/s1600/11-10-cover.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9RvngOqAtbU/To2lDw3irTI/AAAAAAAAAmw/pcuImYNarM0/s320/11-10-cover.jpg" width="226" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;2011.10月號502期　目錄&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 722&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;編輯室手記&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;望遠鏡，望向無垠的天際　　編輯部&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 724&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;評　論&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;評中研院主導的「人才宣言」：一場學術倫理的豪賭！　周成功&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 726&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;百年大紀&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;鑑往知來—台灣百年科技回顧（民國81~90年）　　編輯部&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 728&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;一月紀聞國內篇／國外篇　　編輯部&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 732&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;永續發展與綠色科技&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;產品水足跡　駱尚廉&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 734&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;數．生活與學習&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;正弦的英文字源　　單維彰&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 736&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;昆蟲百態&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;用於染色的昆蟲—介殼蟲　　朱耀沂&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 738&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;游理數．數裡遊&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;蝴蝶與颱風　　游森棚&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 740&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;國際期刊傳真　　特約編輯群&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 742&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;愛滋抗戰三十年（上）　　江建勳&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 748&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;封面故事&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;星光探巡全波段—憑高望遠．以鏡瞻天　　編輯部&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 750&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;封面故事&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;開啟嶄新視野的光學望遠鏡　　傅學海&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 759&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;封面故事&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;探索太空電波訊號—電波望遠鏡　　陳明堂&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 765&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;封面故事&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;X光天文學與人類對宇宙的認識　　陳林文&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 772&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;封面故事&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;捕捉被屏蔽的星光—紅外線天文觀測　　顏吉鴻&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 780&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;那些年，我們一起DIY的天文望遠鏡　　吳俊輝&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 787&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;化學年聊化學&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;含金屬離子的分子磁體（下）　　王文竹&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 790&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;科月書評&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;「愛因斯坦」的時空之旅　　紀延平&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 791&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;科月書評&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;揭開藍巨人的神祕面紗　　程一駿&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 792&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;閱讀時間&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;閱讀時間　　編輯部&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 794&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;科學大觀園&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;大，之所以為大—漫談海椰子　　周文豪&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 796&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;科學教育我有話說&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;睫狀肌是環肌還是縱肌？　　蔡任圃&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 800&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;10月號科月讀者滿意度調查表&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6042835124768184724-6122494943335765781?l=scimonth.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/feeds/6122494943335765781/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6042835124768184724&amp;postID=6122494943335765781&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/6122494943335765781'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/6122494943335765781'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/10/201110502.html' title='2011年10月號502期　目錄'/><author><name>SCIENCE MONTHLY</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06972761480182912092</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9RvngOqAtbU/To2lDw3irTI/AAAAAAAAAmw/pcuImYNarM0/s72-c/11-10-cover.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6042835124768184724.post-1209131815465890962</id><published>2011-12-30T04:13:00.000+08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T15:30:00.734+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='目錄'/><title type='text'>2011年9月號501期　目錄</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rfZbHgxui7Q/TnCayJCSNtI/AAAAAAAAAms/zHacOHkEJM0/s1600/11-09-cover.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rfZbHgxui7Q/TnCayJCSNtI/AAAAAAAAAms/zHacOHkEJM0/s320/11-09-cover.jpg" width="226" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;科學月刊 2011.9月號501期　目錄&lt;span id="goog_2144513052"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="goog_2144513053"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 642&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;編輯室手記&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/08/blog-post.html"&gt;重啟生命的新法&lt;/a&gt;　　編輯部&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 644&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;評　論&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;十二年國民教育的一些看法　　王文竹&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 646&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;百年大紀&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;鑑往知來—台灣百年科技回顧（民國71~80年）　　編輯部&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 648&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;一月紀聞國內篇／國外篇　　編輯部&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 652&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;永續發展與綠色科技&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;綠色農業科技　駱尚廉&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 654&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;數．生活與學習&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;「開放式課程」新解　　單維彰&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 656&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;昆蟲百態&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;散發異味的昆蟲—椿象　　朱耀沂&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 658&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;游理數．數裡遊&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;正多邊形的對角線　　游森棚&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 660&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;國際期刊傳真　　特約編輯群&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 662&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;中研院點將錄&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;數學之美 困而知之—&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;中研院數學所所長劉太平專訪　　李鍾旻&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 667&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;封面故事&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;巴金森病的新希望—&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;深部腦電刺激術　　編輯部&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 668&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;封面故事&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;腦神經外科發展史　　陳新源、李芝緯&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 674&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;封面故事&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;巴金森病新曙光—&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;深部腦電刺激術　　蔡昇宗、李芝緯&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 680&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;封面故事&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;探索腦神經細胞的耳語　　林聖皇&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 686&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;封面故事&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;「電」掃陰霾　　蔡欣記&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 693&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;光的偏極祕密—太陽眼鏡、電影和藍天　　薛加民&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 696&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;從泡麵的發明看「它」在亞洲各國飲食中的角色　　蘇芳儀&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 701&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;大家談科學&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;用標準誤估算有效數字行不行？　　王鐿璇&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 702&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;大家談科學&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;免疫系統基因上的創傷標記　　江建勳&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 704&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;科月書評&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;大腦、演化、人—探索人類獨特的關鍵　　程樹德&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 706&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;科學大觀園&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;說鳥頭形陶器　　劉克竑&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 708&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;科學史話&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;從電影《第五元素》看早期的宇宙觀　　劉宗平&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 710&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;化學年聊化學&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;含金屬離子的分子磁體（上）　　王文竹&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 714&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;科學教育 我有話說&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;從一個高中物理題目談起　　任慶運&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 717&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;9月號科月讀者滿意度調查表&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6042835124768184724-1209131815465890962?l=scimonth.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/feeds/1209131815465890962/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6042835124768184724&amp;postID=1209131815465890962&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/1209131815465890962'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/1209131815465890962'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/09/20119501.html' title='2011年9月號501期　目錄'/><author><name>SCIENCE MONTHLY</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06972761480182912092</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rfZbHgxui7Q/TnCayJCSNtI/AAAAAAAAAms/zHacOHkEJM0/s72-c/11-09-cover.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6042835124768184724.post-2239181391075598645</id><published>2011-12-30T03:28:00.000+08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T15:29:29.268+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='目錄'/><title type='text'>2011年8月號500期　目錄</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-TzP72lC7R_U/TkOF3ssxKUI/AAAAAAAAAmk/vbw29KxkO74/s1600/11-08-cover.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-TzP72lC7R_U/TkOF3ssxKUI/AAAAAAAAAmk/vbw29KxkO74/s320/11-08-cover.jpg" width="226" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&amp;nbsp; 562&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;編輯室手記&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/08/500.html"&gt;挑戰下一個500期&lt;/a&gt;　　編輯部&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 563&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;評　論&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;行萬里路才五百—科學月刊500期之慶　　王文竹&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 564&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;評　論&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;從0到500之後　　劉廣定&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 566&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;一月紀聞國內篇／國外篇　　編輯部&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 570&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;永續發展與綠色科技&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;綠色化學科技　駱尚廉&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 572&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;數．生活與學習&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;算術的潛規則　　單維彰&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 574&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;昆蟲百態&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;我們熟悉的吸血鬼—蚊子　　朱耀沂&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 576&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;游理數．數裡遊&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;變形金剛的數學　　游森棚&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 578&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;國際期刊傳真　　特約編輯群&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 580&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;我與科月&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;慶祝《科學月刊》發行500期&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 585&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;封面故事&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;回眸百年科技 預見希望未來—&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;2011年張昭鼎紀念研討會　　編輯部&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 586&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;封面故事&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;不忘百年 後事之師—&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;早期科技發展的回顧與前瞻　　錢致榕&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 592&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;封面故事&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;兼論台灣IC工業發展—&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;半導體電子科技百年發展史　　盧志遠&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 601&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;封面故事&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;承先啟後 再創繁榮—&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;台灣的水產業何去何從？　　廖一久&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 606&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;封面故事&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;深埋地底的寶藏—&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;中國古生物學百年記　　周忠和&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 614&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;航向未來—科月四十結業式　　范賢娟&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 618&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;紙上專討會&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;復舊但不同？　　程樹德&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 622&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;2009年8月9日小林村山崩現場還原　 &amp;nbsp; 陳建志、董家鈞、郭志禹&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 628&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;科學大家談&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;為何需要知道天花的來龍去脈？　　林基興&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 629&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;科學大家談&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;科月在中國大陸的出版品　　周延鑫&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 630&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;科學教育我有話說&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;日出方位之辨　　范賢娟&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 632&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;科學大觀園&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;構樹與台灣原住民　　嚴新富&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 634&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;化學年聊化學&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;用有機分子做成的磁鐵（下）　　王文竹&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; 638&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;8月號科月讀者滿意度調查表&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6042835124768184724-2239181391075598645?l=scimonth.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/feeds/2239181391075598645/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6042835124768184724&amp;postID=2239181391075598645&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/2239181391075598645'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/2239181391075598645'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/08/20118500.html' title='2011年8月號500期　目錄'/><author><name>SCIENCE MONTHLY</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06972761480182912092</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-TzP72lC7R_U/TkOF3ssxKUI/AAAAAAAAAmk/vbw29KxkO74/s72-c/11-08-cover.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6042835124768184724.post-8524625722553607501</id><published>2011-12-02T12:03:00.000+08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T12:03:02.145+08:00</updated><title type='text'>愛因斯坦的最大錯誤？—宇宙論常數</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;你知道愛因斯坦一生中所犯的最大錯誤是什麼嗎？湊答案！在完成創世巨著《廣義相對論》（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;General Theoryo f Relativity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）後不久，他發現由該理論所導出的宇宙觀竟然與當時物理學家（包括他自己）所接受的不同；於是愛因斯坦人為地在他的方程式裡加了一項常數，使其結果能符合當時之宇宙觀！沒想到&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;12 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年後，天文學家發現當時的宇宙觀根本就是錯的！愛因斯坦非常後悔地悄悄將那常數從其筆記本上擦去，謂這是他一生中所犯的最大錯誤！可是該常數卻陰魂不散，在愛因斯坦去逝後四分之一世紀，又重新登上舞台，成了今日探討宇宙歷史的主要工具。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;世紀前的宇宙觀&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;宇宙的起源、歷史與結構，在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;16 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;世紀以前，一直被認為是屬於宗教與哲學的範圍；因此哥白尼（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;N . C o p e r n i c u s , 1473~1543&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）只敢在去世前夕才出版地球繞日的理論書，粉碎了以地球為宇宙中心的幻想，開創了近代天文的研究。約百年後，伽利略（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;G. Galilei, 1564~1642&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）改進了望遠鏡，並將其鏡頭轉向天空，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;開啟了觀測天文（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;observational astronomy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）之門，並大力支持哥白尼之地球繞日的理論（晚年被羅馬天主教強迫收回，並被軟禁在家）。為了紀念伽利略首次使用望遠鏡進行天文觀測&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;400 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;週年，國際天文學聯合會及聯合國教科文組織，共同訂西元&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;2009 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年為「全球天文年」；科月也在元月號專輯中共襄盛舉。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;四百多年來──尤其是&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;世紀後，科學家在了解宇宙的性質與演化上已有非常快速的進展！有關創世紀或盤古開天闢地到底是什麼時候發生、或如何發生的問題，科學家已不再須要依靠信仰來解決，已可以用科學儀器去「看」宇宙像什麼樣子及如何演化。像這類大哲學的問題已不再是信仰的爭論，而是證據與理論的問題──正如其他科學訓練一樣。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;哥白尼粉碎了地球為宇宙中心的幻想後，慢慢地，天文學家也了解到太陽也不可能是宇宙的中心。以人為主的宇宙觀一旦破滅，科學家再沒有任何理由認為我們所身處的地方在宇宙中佔了一個很獨特的地位；同樣地，我們所身處的時刻也沒理由是個很特殊的時刻。顯然地，宇宙永遠就是那樣地存在，它沒有開始，也不會有終結──因為如果有開始，那顯然就應有創造者，這不是太宗教了嗎？&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;廣義相對論&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;愛因斯坦在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1905 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年所發表的狹義相對論（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Special Theory of Relativity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;），雖然震撼物理界，完全改變了物理學家對時間及空間的觀念；但很遺憾地不能用於牛頓的萬有引力（重力）。經過&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;10 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年的苦思與奮鬥，他終於在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1915 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年完成了他的廣義相對論，彌補了此一缺失。愛因斯坦完成此一理論後，立即用它來計算水星繞日的軌跡，解決了牛頓重力理論無法解釋的「為何水星繞日軌跡慢慢變化」的困惑。他更用其廣義相對論，預測了光線在經過太陽附近時，會因該處時空變形（因太陽重力的關係）而彎曲。在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1919 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年的日蝕裡，英國天文學家愛丁頓爵士（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Sir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times-Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;A. Eddington&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）測得了星光經太陽附近後的彎曲，發現其值與愛因斯坦理論所計算出來的完全符合！瞬間，全世界報紙競登此一理論，愛因斯坦一夜之間成了全世界家喻戶曉之名字！&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;讓我們還是將時間倒回到&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1915 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年吧。愛因斯坦的廣義相對論闡釋了物體如何改變其周遭的時空幾何（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;g e o m e t r y o f spacetime&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）、及後者又如何反過來決定物體該如何運動。因宇宙充滿了物體，因此廣義相對論立即成為探討宇宙的工具。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1916&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年年初（廣義相對論的最後形式是愛因斯坦於&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1915&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;11 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;月&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;25 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;日演講時提出的），史瓦斯德（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;K. Schwarzschild&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）不但更嚴格的用此理論證明了水星軌跡的位移，並預測了「黑洞」（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;black hole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）的存在（愛因斯坦一直不相信黑洞可能真的存在）。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;賴昭正：美國芝加哥大學化學博士&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;【更詳細的內容，請參閱第&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;504&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;期科學月刊】&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6042835124768184724-8524625722553607501?l=scimonth.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/feeds/8524625722553607501/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6042835124768184724&amp;postID=8524625722553607501&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/8524625722553607501'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/8524625722553607501'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/12/blog-post_2677.html' title='愛因斯坦的最大錯誤？—宇宙論常數'/><author><name>SCIENCE MONTHLY</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06972761480182912092</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6042835124768184724.post-5453801553557297978</id><published>2011-12-02T11:52:00.000+08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T11:52:49.399+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='紙上專討會'/><title type='text'>運動增進記憶力？</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;孔子率弟子們周遊列國，到了南方楚境，就感受隱逸文化的衝擊，例如楚狂接輿及長沮桀溺，用歌或詞諷勸，反對他的積極淑世，倒另有一位荷篠丈人，似乎對「士」這個職業或階級很有意見，他對急著追尋老師的子路說：「四體不勤，五穀不分，孰為夫子？」，就不再理睬了，反自顧自去耕田，倒是平日魯莽的子路，此時恭恭敬敬地拱而立，這禮貌的舉動，反而贏得了丈人的讚許，殺雞煮黍地招待了子路一餐。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;從這小故事，我們或可窺見，農業時代的體力勞動，該極為普遍，但或因地位漸生差別或因職業的分工，逐漸地，有些人較少行身體勞動，成為統治階級或勞心者，引起群眾的不滿，而新興的士首當其衝，也不受待見，被譏為菽麥不分。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;時代演替，運動量大不同&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;的確，從漁獵文明，漸漸演化為農業文明，勞動的質與量，該會有很大的變化吧！我們可以想像，漁獵時的身體活動，當以走路、跑步、投擲、棒擊，拖拉及背負為主，手腳運動多，但背部彎曲不那麼頻繁，而從事農業時，身子的勞動，當以彎腰、鋤地、翻土、插秧、耕土、拔草、割穀，以及背負拉扯等為主，明顯地讓脊椎彎曲更久，俗話的「面朝黃土背朝天」，就指這姿勢，似乎運動部位，明顯不同，故日久受傷，位置也各異，老農駝背及腰痛，起源於此。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;另外追尋獵物時，雖手持刀弓棒網，但用蠻力或出死力的時刻不多，反倒在務農時，用鋤翻土、鋸樹、夯土、背穀，常要持續出大蠻力，若以現代術語來套用，似乎漁獵時代的「有氧運動」較多，而農業時代的「無氧運動」反較多。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;正由於長久且用大力的運動，熱量消耗上，農人可能平均要高於獵人，能維持這種運動量，農人攝食的熱量，也可能高些。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;但轉入工業時代後，勞動的質與量，肯定與農業時代大不相同，由於人能操縱機器，而機器又由化石能源來驅動，人力的節省十分鉅大。例如，有人調查，發現日本進行農業機械化後，農夫平均的體力消耗少了一半，而在英國，從&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1956~1990&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年間，農民的熱量支出，驚人地少了&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;65&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;％。然而農人及勞工在現代社會中，還算是體力勞動較多的一群人，辦公室男女、學生老師等人，出有車，入有空調，日常所耗能量，就更少於漁獵或農業時代的一般人，這就會有大問題。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;由於文化的變遷，技術累積，能源充裕，進而使人的日常生活方式大不相同，人群由身心皆已較為適應的漁獵文化，進入較未適應的工業文明，有可能適應不良而導致疾病，這一種概念，籠統叫作「文明病」（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Disease of Civilization&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;運動使人身心健全&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;有人一定會抗議，說現代文明舒服得很，怎叫「不適應」呢？出有車，入有冷氣，食有肥肉甜點，豈不是天堂的境界嗎？但我們該看細節，方能明白我的指涉，例如漁獵時代，甜的食物只有蜂蜜或熟透的瓜果，它所佔人攝入的總熱量之比例很低，幼兒也只能偶然吃到，但現代糖果及甜食極易獲得，經大量攝食後，即會齲齒及肥胖；再由肥胖產生糖尿病及心血管疾病，故「魔鬼藏在細節裡」，當我們逐項審視時，就可發現，追求舒適及縱慾後，可能出現預想不到之後果了。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;由於體力勞動是狩獵及農牧社會中，居上位的巨型寄生階級除外，大多數人的日常生活方式，運動與健康的關聯，並未被農業時代的人所普遍體會，當然也有先知先覺之人，例如荷篠丈人或許很甘於田間工作，西方羅馬帝國的哲學家西賽羅（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Marcus Cicero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）在西元前&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;65&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年，也曾說過：「運動讓人精神&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;好，心智活躍。」&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;而真正發現運動確實有益健康，該是人類深入工業時代之後，方能察覺了，在西元&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1949&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年，由摩里絲（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Jerry Morris&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）所領導的研究小組發現，兩群人縱有相同社會地位，或相似的職業，但因運動量不同，心臟病發作的機會就不同，他特別挑出巴士車掌及巴士駕駛們，來進行統計比較，駕駛坐著，動得少，故發現其心臟病比例，遠高於必須前後走動的車掌了。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-319QiD27r3A/TthLI36Y_CI/AAAAAAAAApg/C5aLS3vigpw/s1600/1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="640" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-319QiD27r3A/TthLI36Y_CI/AAAAAAAAApg/C5aLS3vigpw/s640/1.JPG" width="521" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;運動對腦功能有何影響？運動除能降低疾病發生率，對記憶、認知方面，亦具有正面的效益。運動的益處，值得缺乏運動的現代人所重視&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;程樹德&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;任教陽明大學微免所&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;【更詳細的內容，請參閱第&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;504&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;期科學月刊】&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6042835124768184724-5453801553557297978?l=scimonth.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/feeds/5453801553557297978/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6042835124768184724&amp;postID=5453801553557297978&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/5453801553557297978'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/5453801553557297978'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/12/blog-post_4917.html' title='運動增進記憶力？'/><author><name>SCIENCE MONTHLY</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06972761480182912092</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-319QiD27r3A/TthLI36Y_CI/AAAAAAAAApg/C5aLS3vigpw/s72-c/1.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6042835124768184724.post-5342208104283840647</id><published>2011-12-02T11:40:00.001+08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T11:40:56.631+08:00</updated><title type='text'>監控列車行駛 確保安全距離—淺談先進列車自動保護系統</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;月&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;23&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;日中國高鐵溫州追撞事故發生後，外界將事故可能的原因指向號誌或列車自動防護系統失靈，本文在此將針對列車自動保護系統（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Automatic Train Protection&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;，簡稱&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;ATP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;系統）的產生源由進行簡述，而後介紹目前世界上主要先進&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;ATP &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;系統，希望讀者可藉由本文，對軌道運輸安全有更深的一層認識與了解。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;列車自動保護系統的作用&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;傳統上，鐵路系統多採鋼軌鋼輪營運，車輪與軌道間的摩擦力較小，所需煞車距離較長，為了確保任何意外發生時，不至於衝撞先行列車，因此就號誌控制而言，鐵路路線往往會切分成多個區段，這些區段被稱為閉塞區間，其長度需由列車煞車距離決定，以確保列車運行安全無虞。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;世界當前最普遍的鐵路三色燈號誌原理是使用紅、黃、綠三種燈號告知續行列車，前方的閉塞區間是否有列車占用。其中綠燈表示「安全」，即前一閉塞區無列車占用；&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;黃燈表示「注意」，此時續行列車正逐漸逼近先行列車至僅剩不到兩個閉塞區間的距離，故列車須以較低速度運轉；紅燈則代表「險阻」，此時前一閉塞區有列車占用，因此列車僅可以最低運轉速度移動。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;鐵路號誌系統雖然可指示後方列車前方閉塞區是否尚有列車占用，但卻無法防範續行列車因人為失誤誤闖，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;而形成「冒進」。因此，為了防範列車冒進的可能，當今鐵路業者可選擇採用列車自動防護系統來確保列車運行的安全性，其原理是透過機械或電子系統等方式，使列車依照當前的速限資料運轉，並且在列車超速運轉時自動煞車以確保列車運行安全。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;最早的列車自動保護系統是透過機械的方式，在特定定點檢核列車的速度，當前方顯示險阻時將軌道旁的腳拌器（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;trainstop&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）升起，切斷列車上方的氣壓閥使列車停下，此一系統在英國及歐洲地區稱之為列車自動警告系統（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Automatic Warning System&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;，簡稱&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;AWS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;系統）。隨著電子科技的逐漸進步，先進式列車自動防護系統亦逐漸為電子訊號替代，而後更發展至無線技術，以通訊方式傳輸資料；號誌顯示的方式亦隨著營運速度的提升，逐漸自車外的實體號誌進步至駕駛座旁的車載顯示；甚至，傳統固定式的閉塞區間，亦隨著科技進步，發展出移動閉塞制度。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;目前世界的主流列車先進防護系統，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;主要可分為歐洲的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;ERTMS &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;系統、日本的列車防護系統及美國的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;US CBTC &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;系統三類，以下章節將會針對此三系統的發展、種類與原理進行介紹。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Bd94OJ_izls/TthInx2BrZI/AAAAAAAAApY/osmWiwyXp1k/s1600/1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="101" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Bd94OJ_izls/TthInx2BrZI/AAAAAAAAApY/osmWiwyXp1k/s400/1.JPG" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;黃柏文、張耘禎、吳軒宇、范道中：就讀台灣大學土木工程學系&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;賴勇成：任職台灣大學軌道科技研究中心&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;【更詳細的內容，請參閱第&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;504&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;期科學月刊】&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6042835124768184724-5342208104283840647?l=scimonth.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/feeds/5342208104283840647/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6042835124768184724&amp;postID=5342208104283840647&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/5342208104283840647'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/5342208104283840647'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/12/blog-post_2613.html' title='監控列車行駛 確保安全距離—淺談先進列車自動保護系統'/><author><name>SCIENCE MONTHLY</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06972761480182912092</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Bd94OJ_izls/TthInx2BrZI/AAAAAAAAApY/osmWiwyXp1k/s72-c/1.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6042835124768184724.post-4165869757723347980</id><published>2011-12-02T11:31:00.000+08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T11:31:58.259+08:00</updated><title type='text'>詼諧之外的嚴肅—2011搞笑諾貝爾獎</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;由《不可能的研究年鑑》（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Anna s o f Improbable Research &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;，簡稱&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;AIR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;「空氣」）主辦的搞笑諾貝爾獎（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Ig N obel&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;Prizes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;），從&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1991 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年開始，堂堂邁入第&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;21&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;屆，照例選在正港諾貝爾獎開獎前一週登場。今年是在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;9 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;月&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;29 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;日頒獎，會場仍依慣例在美國哈佛大學的桑德斯劇場（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Sanders&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;Theater&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;），&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;1200 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;位觀眾前來捧場。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;每年均選定「主題」，大概為配合今年為「國際化學年」，今年的主題為「化學」。特別活動包括追念今&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;月逝世的利普斯科姆（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;William Lipscomb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;，美國化學家，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1976&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年因硼烷結構的研究而獲得諾貝爾化學獎，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1959 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年任哈佛大學教授直至退休）；演出迷你歌劇「咖啡店中的化學家」（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Chemist in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;i&gt;a Coffee Shop&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）和「元素」（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;The Elements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oLlwQC0eWLQ/TthGoWSMVQI/AAAAAAAAApQ/QyIxzVl_F3I/s1600/3.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oLlwQC0eWLQ/TthGoWSMVQI/AAAAAAAAApQ/QyIxzVl_F3I/s320/3.JPG" width="209" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;搞笑諾貝爾獎就是山寨版的諾貝爾獎，其名稱來自&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Ignoble&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;（不名譽的）和&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Nobel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times-Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Prize&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;（諾貝爾獎）的結合。頒獎典禮由招牌的丟紙飛機活動揭開序幕，然後由曾得過正港諾貝爾獎殊榮的科學家，頒獎給這些正式發表於雜誌或相關活動的研究，其內容要「先令人想笑，然後會讓發人深省」。今年擔任頒獎的正港諾貝爾獎得主包括赫胥巴哈（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Dudley Herschbach &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;1986 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年化學獎）、羅伯茲（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Rich Roberts &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;1993 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年生醫獎）、葛勞博（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Roy Glauber &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;2005 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年物理獎）、馬斯金（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Eric Maskin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年經濟獎）、戴曼德（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Peter Diamond &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;2010 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年經濟獎）、依格那羅（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Louis Ignarro &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;1998 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年生醫獎）。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;去年，英國曼徹斯特大學的物理學家蓋姆（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Andre Geim&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;），因其「在二維石墨烯材料的開創性實驗」而榮獲正港諾貝爾物理學獎，但他在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;2000 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年因為「磁懸浮青蛙」（將活青蛙懸浮在空中的技術）而獲得搞笑諾貝爾獎；因此，他成為首位同時獲得搞笑與正港諾貝爾獎的科學家。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;除了正港諾貝爾獎的物理、化學、醫學與和平之外，搞笑諾貝爾獎獎項還包括公共衛生、工程、生物、經濟、或其他「因地制宜」的學科，今年共計&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;10 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;項&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;37 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;人獲獎。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;個獎項中，有&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;組得獎人親臨現場領獎。搞笑諾貝爾獎沒有獎金，但頒獎牌，得主必須自掏腰包前往領獎。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0dCbN3tAJNQ/TthGXEUu6eI/AAAAAAAAApA/dlvTQFQp_kU/s1600/1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="242" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0dCbN3tAJNQ/TthGXEUu6eI/AAAAAAAAApA/dlvTQFQp_kU/s320/1.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;化學獎：化學獎得主為日本滋賀醫科大學的今井真和香味市場協會理事長田島幸信等&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;名日本科學家，他們實驗了諸如腐爛雞蛋等的百種臭味，終於發現芥茉的嗆鼻味，比起閃光與震動更能有效提醒聽障者發生了火災，即使熟睡時也能聞到，以讓他們能在緊急狀況中逃生。他們也算出能喚醒熟睡者的芥末氣味理想濃度，進而發明芥末氣味火警警報器。芥末警報器發明者今井真：「我們一直在研究如何在緊急情況下喚醒熟睡的聽力障礙人士，而答案就是芥末警報器。最佳的芥末濃度是&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;5~30 ppm &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;。」搞笑諾貝爾獎評委會說，芥末警報器這項發明「非常的特別而且實用」。該團隊在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;月已申請美國專利（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;2010/0308995 A1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）。這是日本人連續第五年榮獲搞笑諾貝爾獎。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;醫學獎：醫學獎得主為荷蘭的塔克（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Mirjam Tuk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）等&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;9 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;人的尿急實驗。他們每隔一段時間，就給測驗受試者喝&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;250&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;毫升的水，發現隨著尿意漸起，人們的注意力與記憶力都隨之降低。他們發現憋尿與酒醉、熬夜一樣會影響注意力和決策力，作用相當於等同酒醉或&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;24 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;小時沒睡覺。於是他們得出「想尿的時候，就不要再憋了」的結論；但在另一些事情，尿急卻助益決定。獲獎論文：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;今年&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;5 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;月刊登於《心理科學》（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Psychological Science&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）的論文〈抑制外溢：在不相關領域增強的排尿急切性助於控制衝動〉（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Inhibitory Spillover: Increased Urination Urgency Facilitates Impulse Control in Unrelated Domains&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）；今年&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;月刊登於《神經內科與尿動力學》（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Neurology and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;i&gt;Urodynamics&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）的論文〈急性增強出清膀胱對健康成人認知功能的效應〉（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;The Effect of Acute Increase in Urge to Void on Cognitive&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times-Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Function in Healthy Adults&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;和平獎：和平獎則由東歐立陶宛首都維爾尼斯（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;V i l n i u s &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）市長佐卡斯（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Arturas Zuokas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）榮獲，他因受不了市內違規停車之亂象，親自駕駛坦克壓扁違停的賓士車。他曾拍攝以裝甲車輾壓賓士的宣傳影片，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;藉以打擊違規停車，並呼籲市民遵守交通規則。親自出席頒獎典禮的佐卡斯，拒絕證實是否事先與車主套好招，但殺雞儆猴策略的確見效，現在他們已回歸罰單與拖吊等傳統懲罰措施，但他警告坦克仍隨時待命出動。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pHfcb0ehz3w/TthGjaH3nLI/AAAAAAAAApI/PNhgo1UY2H4/s1600/2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="230" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pHfcb0ehz3w/TthGjaH3nLI/AAAAAAAAApI/PNhgo1UY2H4/s320/2.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;林快樂︰科普作家&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;【更詳細的內容，請參閱第&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;504&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;期科學月刊】&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6042835124768184724-4165869757723347980?l=scimonth.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/feeds/4165869757723347980/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6042835124768184724&amp;postID=4165869757723347980&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/4165869757723347980'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/4165869757723347980'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/12/2011.html' title='詼諧之外的嚴肅—2011搞笑諾貝爾獎'/><author><name>SCIENCE MONTHLY</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06972761480182912092</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oLlwQC0eWLQ/TthGoWSMVQI/AAAAAAAAApQ/QyIxzVl_F3I/s72-c/3.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6042835124768184724.post-6763583508592355891</id><published>2011-12-02T11:19:00.002+08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T11:19:30.801+08:00</updated><title type='text'>理性預期學派的見解—減稅與降息有效嗎？</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;在景氣跌入谷底時「政府推出減稅方案以刺激景氣復甦」，當經濟過熱時「央行提高利率以抑制過熱景氣」。以上兩經濟政策在報章雜誌中，均屬常見的報導。但是，提高利率或減稅將如何影響國內產出？如何改變通貨膨脹率？政府如何評估一項經濟政策對各種總體經濟變數（如國內產出、通貨膨脹率、就業和投資等）和實質經濟的影響？經濟政策影響有多強、能持續多久？湯瑪斯．薩金特（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Thomas J. Sargent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）和克里斯托福．席姆斯（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Christopher A. Sims&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;），即是針對上述問題提出研究方法，並將理性預期的概念引入總體計量分析，而獲得&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;2011 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年諾貝爾經濟學獎的榮耀。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;薩金特於&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1968 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年獲得哈佛大學博士學位，曾任教於賓州大學、明尼蘇達大學和芝加哥大學等美國著名學府，目前執教於紐約大學。其學術專長為動態總體經濟學和計量經濟學。曾任&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;2005 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年美國計量經濟學學會主席和&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;2007 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年美國經濟學協會主席。在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1970 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年代初期，薩金特與他當時的同事們一起開創「理性預期學派」，在總體經濟模型和計量分析中導入理性預期的概念，對新古典總體經濟學派的發展有重要的貢獻。而薩金特的主要著作，如《動態總體經濟理論》（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Dynamic Macroeconomic Theory&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）和《遞迴總體經濟理論》（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Recursive&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;i&gt;Macroeconomic Theory&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）早已是經濟系研究生必讀的總體經濟學教材。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;席姆斯同樣於&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1968 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年自哈佛大學取得博士學位，曾任教於哈佛大學、明尼蘇達大學和耶魯大學，之後便一直擔任普林斯頓大學經濟系教授。曾任&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1995 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年美國計量經濟學學會主席，並為今年美國經濟學協會的副主席。他的主要研究興趣為動態計量理論模型和總體經濟理論與政策。有鑑於&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1970 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年代主流總體計量分析方法上的缺陷，席姆斯創立了向量自迴歸模型（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;vector autoregression model, VAR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;），並應用於分析非預期性的經濟政策對實質經濟的影響。此分析方法後來被延伸推廣到許多方面，至今仍為計量經濟學家和政策制定者的主要分析工具。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;廖珮如：任職中央研究院經濟研究所&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;【更詳細的內容，請參閱第&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;504&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;期科學月刊】&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6042835124768184724-6763583508592355891?l=scimonth.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/feeds/6763583508592355891/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6042835124768184724&amp;postID=6763583508592355891&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/6763583508592355891'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/6763583508592355891'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/12/blog-post_4608.html' title='理性預期學派的見解—減稅與降息有效嗎？'/><author><name>SCIENCE MONTHLY</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06972761480182912092</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6042835124768184724.post-1453222652010075211</id><published>2011-12-02T11:09:00.000+08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T11:09:49.493+08:00</updated><title type='text'>維繫健康的抗病機制—免疫系統活化的秘密</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;一位美國知名微生物學家曾說過：「整個天文宇宙的物理化學現象，可能還比不上一顆人類的體細胞內之各種生化、分生、細胞功能之神妙協調來得更複雜！」或許不少科學家能認同此說法，而我們更可以延伸此一看法，進一步說：「宇宙萬物之各種現象也許沒有比人類的免疫系統的細胞族群更微妙、複雜而卻又井然有序了！」今年廣受矚目的諾貝爾生理∕醫學獎就是頒給了對細胞免疫學（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;cellular immunology&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）做出重大貢獻的三位傑出免疫學者，包括加拿大籍的瑞夫．史坦曼（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Ralph Steinman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）、美國的布魯斯．比尤特勒（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Bruce Beutler&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）和盧森堡的朱爾斯．霍夫曼（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Jules Hoffmann&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;長期以來，科學家們一直在尋找人類及哺乳類動物免疫系統中，抵禦細菌、病毒和其他微生物之攻擊的「守門人」。比尤特勒（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Bruce Beutler&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）和霍夫曼（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Jules Hoffmann&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）兩位教授發現，某些特定之細胞膜上的受體蛋白能夠有效識別這些微生物之具體特徵，並同時激活人體的免疫系統，以抵禦病原體的入侵，此為免疫功能之第一道防線，即所謂的先天性免疫（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;innate immunity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）。另外，史坦曼教授（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Ralph Steinman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）則最先發現免疫系統中的樹突狀細胞（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;dendritic cells &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;），及它在活化、調節後天性免疫（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;adaptive immunity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）的獨特能力。後天性免疫為繼先天性免疫作用發生後，身體用以清除侵入的病原體之第二階段的重要免疫功能。這三位諾貝爾獲獎者的發現，揭示了先天性免疫和後天性免疫反應是如何被活化，進而對病原體入侵及引起之發病機制提供了新的、深刻的見解。他們的研究為病原體感染、癌症和各種炎症性疾病的預防和治療的發展開闢了嶄新途徑。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MNtJaKc0_ZQ/TthAQfTYfOI/AAAAAAAAAoo/35LwXVf3nYw/s1600/2011%25E8%25AB%25BE%25E8%25B2%259D%25E7%2588%25BE%25E7%2594%259F%25E9%2586%25AB%25E7%258D%258E-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="286" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MNtJaKc0_ZQ/TthAQfTYfOI/AAAAAAAAAoo/35LwXVf3nYw/s400/2011%25E8%25AB%25BE%25E8%25B2%259D%25E7%2588%25BE%25E7%2594%259F%25E9%2586%25AB%25E7%258D%258E-1.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;圖一：人體的免疫機制。當人體受到外來病原體&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;( &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;例如&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;細菌、病毒、寄生蟲或黴菌&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;感染時，將會啟動先天性免疫系統來阻止持續感染，隨後啟動後天性免疫反應系統來殺死這些外來病原菌。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;免疫系統中的兩道防線&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;我們生活在一個危險的世界，各式各樣之病原體（包括細菌、病毒、真菌和寄生蟲等）不斷地威脅我們，所幸人體在久遠的生物演化史中逐步發展出了強大的防禦機制（圖一）。第一道防線，即先天性免疫，能消滅侵入的病原體和誘發發炎反應以阻止它們的攻擊及入侵。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;如果病原體突破這個防線，後天性免疫便會活化起來以進一步行動。憑藉其&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;T&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;細胞和&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;B &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;細胞系列間協調及互補，人體會產生具特殊針對性之抗體和可破壞受感染細胞的殺手細胞，以成功地防止病原體的攻擊。此外我們的後天性免疫系統也會保持所謂「免疫記憶」，使人體有所準備，得以在下一次受到相同的病原體攻擊時能提供一個更迅速、更強大的反擊能力。這兩道免疫防禦線因而提供了良好的抗感染保護效果，但它們也會帶來風險，如果活化門檻太低，或是有內源性分子激化免疫系統，過度發炎及炎症性疾病便可能會隨之而來。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;20 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;世紀後期，免疫系統的組成、細胞群及其功能已逐步地被確定。歷屆諾貝爾獎得主的一系列先後發現使我們對免疫系統也越來越了解，例如：抗體是怎樣構建成的、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;T &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;細胞可如何識別外來物質（如微生物）……等；但是，直到比尤特勒、霍夫曼和史坦曼的發現之前，活化先天性免疫之機制和調節先天性免疫與後天性免疫之間的溝通方法，仍是謎樣般地讓我們摸不著脈絡。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zQIx_N8tDh4/TthA3HaTrQI/AAAAAAAAAow/mY5amHaIE5s/s1600/2011%25E8%25AB%25BE%25E8%25B2%259D%25E7%2588%25BE%25E7%2594%259F%25E9%2586%25AB%25E7%258D%258E-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="214" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zQIx_N8tDh4/TthA3HaTrQI/AAAAAAAAAow/mY5amHaIE5s/s320/2011%25E8%25AB%25BE%25E8%25B2%259D%25E7%2588%25BE%25E7%2594%259F%25E9%2586%25AB%25E7%258D%258E-2.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;圖二：人體中大約有十幾個不同的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;TLRs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;，每個&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;TLR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;都能辨認病原體（細菌、病毒，以及寄生蟲、黴菌等）上的常見分子，進而引起免疫反應。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;發現先天性免疫系統之感測器&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1996 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年，當霍夫曼（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Jules Hoffmann&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）和同事們正在研究果蠅是如何對抗感染時，他有了開創性的新發現。他們使果蠅的某些基因產生突變來作實驗，包括由&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1995 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年諾貝爾獎得主克里斯蒂安．紐斯蘭&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;芙哈（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）等所發現的、可參與胚胎早期發育過程中的遺傳調控機轉的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Toll&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;（鐸）這個基因。當霍夫曼以細菌或真菌感染果蠅時，他發現有&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Toll &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;突變的果蠅會死亡，因為具此一基因突變之果蠅不能建立起有效的免疫防禦；他並指出，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Toll&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;基因的產物涉及免疫系統對病原體的偵測，因此認為&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Toll &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;基因的活化及其蛋白質表達，是免疫系統能夠成功防禦病原體的重要因素。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1997 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年，盧斯蘭．麥哲托夫（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Ruslan Medzhitov&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）等人首先在人體內找到與果蠅&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Toll&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;同源的基因，稱之為「類鐸受體（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Tolllike receptor, TLR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）」，並證實&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;TLR &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;能活化與免疫反應相關之重要轉錄因子（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;NF-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;κ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）及後天性免疫反應。差不多同時，比尤特勒（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Bruce Beutler&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）正在尋找一種能與細菌細胞壁中的脂多醣（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;LPS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）相結合的受體，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;LPS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;會使免疫系統受到高度∕過度刺激，導致感染性休克，使細胞∕組織∕個體產生危及生命的情況。在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1998 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年，比尤特勒和他的同事們發現，對脂多醣具抗性的小鼠在與果蠅&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Toll &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;同源的基因上也有類似的突變，於是，先天性免疫系統的感測器終於被發現了，即為「類鐸受體&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;TLR4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）」。當它結合脂多醣後，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;TLR4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;可活化一連串訊息傳遞鏈而引起發炎反應，因此若&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;LPS &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;的劑量過多，則會引起感染性休克。這些結果亦顯示，當遇到病原菌時，哺乳類動物和果蠅使用類似的分子及相關作用來活化先天性之免疫系統。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dY7_pWdjrgQ/TthBb1tkIGI/AAAAAAAAAo4/bYdwa43zknY/s1600/aaa.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dY7_pWdjrgQ/TthBb1tkIGI/AAAAAAAAAo4/bYdwa43zknY/s320/aaa.JPG" width="232" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;編譯／撰寫&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;楊寧蓀、魏紋祈、黃郁婷、王倩俁：任職中研院農生中心&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;【更詳細的內容，請參閱第&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;504&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;期科學月刊】&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6042835124768184724-1453222652010075211?l=scimonth.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/feeds/1453222652010075211/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6042835124768184724&amp;postID=1453222652010075211&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/1453222652010075211'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/1453222652010075211'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/12/blog-post_2033.html' title='維繫健康的抗病機制—免疫系統活化的秘密'/><author><name>SCIENCE MONTHLY</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06972761480182912092</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MNtJaKc0_ZQ/TthAQfTYfOI/AAAAAAAAAoo/35LwXVf3nYw/s72-c/2011%25E8%25AB%25BE%25E8%25B2%259D%25E7%2588%25BE%25E7%2594%259F%25E9%2586%25AB%25E7%258D%258E-1.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6042835124768184724.post-5429452212840691963</id><published>2011-12-02T10:47:00.000+08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T10:47:17.597+08:00</updated><title type='text'>結晶學的黃金傳奇—準晶的發現與研究進展</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;準晶是一種奇特的固體，原子結構相當規則但不像晶體那麼規律，介於晶體與非晶體之間。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;2011 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年諾貝爾化學獎頒給現年&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;70 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;歲的以色列化學家丹．&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;謝赫特曼（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Dan Shechtman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;），表彰他當年發現「準晶」（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;quasicrystals&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）的結構，他的發現徹底改變了科學家對固態物質結構的認識。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;晶體結構&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;在研究準晶的性質之前，讓我們先了解什麼是晶體（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Crystal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）。晶體和非晶體（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;amorphous&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）之間的區別在於原子&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;分子的排列在晶體中具有週期性的秩序（以數百萬的原子為單位），而非晶體則是毫無秩序與規則。因此，晶體可以視為具有規則排列的原子或分子。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;19 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;世紀的礦物學家阿羽伊（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;R. J. Haüy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）提出晶體是由許多相同大小的「格子」所組成，之後由布拉菲（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;A. Bravais &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;14 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;種晶格單元），熊夫利（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;A. M. Schoenflies &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;32 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;個點群），與弗道洛夫（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;E. Fedorov &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;230 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;個空間群）建立結晶學的數學模型。在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;世紀初，Ｘ光的發現更證明原子在結晶相狀態的排列是有週期性的。近代的結晶學與&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;X &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;光繞射實驗儀器的發展，讓我們對晶體結構的認識有更精確的描述：具體而言，晶體具有最小的單元，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;稱為單位晶格（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;unit cell&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;），具平移週期性，因此在移動晶格的整數倍後，單位晶格中的原子位置會與原來的相對位置相同，此定義在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1980 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年代以前的結晶學書籍均使用這樣的描述。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;晶體的規律結構可以讓我們只需要知道它的一部分便能了解全貌，因為一個晶體便是由無數晶格堆疊在一起的單元，例如氯化鈉鹽（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;NaCl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）的一個單位晶格包含了&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;4 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;個氯與&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;個鈉離子，這些離子以簡單的方式排列在單位晶格的角落、邊、面和立方體的內部。如果可以使用放大鏡檢視氯化鈉鹽，就會發現很多一樣的單元排列，形成一個立方體形（圖一）。其它鹽類化合物，如氯化鉀、氧化銅和鎂硫化物也具有與氯化鈉鹽相同的原子排列，而這樣的結構關連使晶體學家可以將不同的化合物以結構分類。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-tQYOYnhwzGY/Ttg7iPjNNvI/AAAAAAAAAoQ/Qxc5P94Kr0Q/s1600/1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="196" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-tQYOYnhwzGY/Ttg7iPjNNvI/AAAAAAAAAoQ/Qxc5P94Kr0Q/s320/1.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;在晶體結構中，可用旋轉的形式使原子位置到達空間中與原始位置相對等的位置，但為了維持平移週期性，晶體結構能允許的旋轉對稱只能有&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;60 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;90 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;120 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;180 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;與&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;360&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;等旋轉角度，而旋轉&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;36&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;度（十轉軸）或&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;72&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;度（五轉軸）無法維持平移週期性，因此不能存在。以另一種方式來解釋，假設使用等邊形瓷磚鋪在二維的平面，正三角、四邊與六邊形的瓷磚可鋪滿地面且沒有留下縫隙，但正五邊形便無法做到（圖二），同樣在三維的結構中，具有五轉軸對稱的正&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;12 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;20 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;與&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;32 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;面體（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;C60&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）形狀的單元也無法形成有週期性的晶體（圖三）。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-h0tHvexyJfw/Ttg7sf_3LCI/AAAAAAAAAoY/skB0e-sC4FE/s1600/2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-h0tHvexyJfw/Ttg7sf_3LCI/AAAAAAAAAoY/skB0e-sC4FE/s320/2.JPG" width="286" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;當晶體在單一波長的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;X&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;光照射下，因為光的波動性，Ｘ光束在穿過具週期性排列的原子時，在反射的過程中會因行徑路線的長度不同，造成光波的干涉。當兩束光的波鋒相對時，會形成建設性干涉而振幅增加；相反則為破壞性干涉而振幅減弱。英國物理學家布拉格（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;L. Bragg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）發現Ｘ光繞射強度會隨角度變化，他也了解到Ｘ光繞射的方向與原子層間的關聯而得到布拉格定律（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;B r a g g ' s Law&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）。由於原子週期性的排列，使&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;X&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;光與原子中的電子作用，產生有秩序的繞射點圖形，這個特性只有晶體才有，非結晶性材料在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;X &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;光照射下不會產生繞射現象。當單一波長的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;X &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;光照射在一個單晶樣品，會在空間中形成有秩序的繞射點圖樣，其對稱性的條件與晶體的原子排列一致，即不允許有五轉軸的對稱性。這些繞射點強度與空間中的位置與晶體中組成原子的電子密度有關，可經由結構解析的過程還原晶體中組成原子的排列狀態。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jNagTkRXnrU/Ttg8KddcfJI/AAAAAAAAAog/NvvqLsF66Yk/s1600/3.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="134" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jNagTkRXnrU/Ttg8KddcfJI/AAAAAAAAAog/NvvqLsF66Yk/s320/3.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;李積琛：任教交通大學應用化學系&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;【更詳細的內容，請參閱第&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;504&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;期科學月刊】&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6042835124768184724-5429452212840691963?l=scimonth.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/feeds/5429452212840691963/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6042835124768184724&amp;postID=5429452212840691963&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/5429452212840691963'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/5429452212840691963'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/12/blog-post_2428.html' title='結晶學的黃金傳奇—準晶的發現與研究進展'/><author><name>SCIENCE MONTHLY</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06972761480182912092</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-tQYOYnhwzGY/Ttg7iPjNNvI/AAAAAAAAAoQ/Qxc5P94Kr0Q/s72-c/1.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6042835124768184724.post-8914954459269308153</id><published>2011-12-02T10:31:00.000+08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T10:31:44.462+08:00</updated><title type='text'>從「星」看世界—加速膨脹的宇宙</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;追求認識我們所在的宇宙——包括宇宙如何演變至現今的面貌、未來又將如何發展等問題——或許是歷世歷代最深邃又最迷人的奧祕之一。今年的諾貝爾物理獎頒給了索爾．波麥特（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Saul Perlmutter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）、布萊恩．施密特（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Brian Schmidt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）及亞當．李斯（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Adam Riess&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;3 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;位博士，表揚他們發現宇宙加速膨脹的成就。這個透過觀測遙遠超新星而獲致的發現，不僅具有重大意義，也從此改變了人類對宇宙的看法。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;二十世紀末宇宙大發現&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1998 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年關於「我們所在之宇宙正加速膨脹！」的發現，令專家都跌破眼鏡、大感意外。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;在此之前，宇宙論學者普遍認為宇宙中物質本身的重力會把宇宙拉回來，所以宇宙的膨脹率將會隨著時間減緩——自&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1920 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年代人們發現宇宙正在膨脹以來，宇宙的膨脹史一直是理解宇宙過程重要的一環。當時，有兩個天文學團隊利用遙遠的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Ia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;型超新星（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Type Ia supernova&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）測量宇宙膨脹率，試圖印證宇宙膨脹隨時間減緩的假設。其中一個團隊由波麥特博士領軍，在勞倫斯柏克萊國家實驗室（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）執行「超新星宇宙學計畫（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Supernova Cosmology Project&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）」；另一個是由施密特博士和李斯博士領軍的跨國團隊，進行「高紅移超新星搜尋（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;High-Z Supernova Search Team&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）」計畫；當時李斯博士是加州大學柏克萊分校榮獲&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Miller&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;研究獎金的博士後研究員，與位於勞倫斯柏克萊國家實驗室的波麥特博士只有咫尺之遙。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2GTQbb0xw6s/Ttg36RTcBtI/AAAAAAAAAoI/ksRpsW6y4-k/s1600/1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="316" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2GTQbb0xw6s/Ttg36RTcBtI/AAAAAAAAAoI/ksRpsW6y4-k/s320/1.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: x-small;"&gt;圖一：1572 年丹麥天文學家第谷首次觀測到的Ia 型超新星&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: x-small;"&gt;爆炸，現稱做第谷超新星，或SN 1572。此圖是由X射線和&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: x-small;"&gt;紅外線合成的觀測影像。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Ia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;型超新星是少見的、激烈的白矮星爆炸的結果。如果白矮星恰巧處在兩顆星互繞旋轉的雙星系統內，而能逐漸吸取另一顆伴星的質量，當白矮星達到&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1.38 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;倍太陽質量（即稱為&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Chandrasekhar limit &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;的臨界質量）後，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;它的電子簡併壓力（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;electron degeneracy pressure&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）無法繼續支持本身之萬有引力，便會經歷一次熱核的爆炸。爆炸的能量驚人，短期內超新星甚至比所在的星系更亮。由於爆炸的白矮星質量都相同，我們預期在全宇宙中，每次這類爆炸所釋放的能量是相同的，因此，釋放的光也相同。這是很重要的一個假設：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Ia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;型超新星在理論上是好的「標準燭光」（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;standard candles&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;），因為我們預計它們的內秉光度（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;intrinsic luminosity &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;，即本身的光度）是相同的。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;根據此一假設，透過觀測超新星的視星等（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;apparent magnitudes &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;，即看起來有多亮），我們能根據亮度與距離平方成反比的規律，推算出超新星所在的距離。除了星等以外，也能觀測超新星發出的光因為宇宙膨脹而紅移了多少（紅移值可從超新星因宇宙膨脹而退行的速度導出）。測量超新星的距離，使我們知道它爆炸的時間；藉超新星光譜得出的紅移值，指出宇宙從那次爆炸算起又膨脹了多少。如此，透過測量許多不同距離外的遙遠&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Ia &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;型超新星，我們就能推算出宇宙的膨脹歷史。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;張慈錦、魏韻純：任職中研院天文所&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;【更詳細的內容，請參閱第&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;504&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;期科學月刊】&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6042835124768184724-8914954459269308153?l=scimonth.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/feeds/8914954459269308153/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6042835124768184724&amp;postID=8914954459269308153&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/8914954459269308153'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/8914954459269308153'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/12/blog-post_4957.html' title='從「星」看世界—加速膨脹的宇宙'/><author><name>SCIENCE MONTHLY</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06972761480182912092</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2GTQbb0xw6s/Ttg36RTcBtI/AAAAAAAAAoI/ksRpsW6y4-k/s72-c/1.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6042835124768184724.post-1162013396169818156</id><published>2011-12-02T10:21:00.000+08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T10:21:27.219+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='游理數．數裡遊'/><title type='text'>圍棋與數學</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;最近發現平板電腦的大螢幕與觸控功能，用來下圍棋是最好不過了。於是下載了圍棋程式，或是津津有味上網看高手下棋。寫稿的同時，台灣到日本發展的當今頂尖棋士「棋聖」張栩正在進行「王座」的五戰三勝頭銜衛冕戰，才剛下完第一局。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;圍棋是在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;19 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;×&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;19 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;的棋盤中黑白雙方輪流在交叉點下子，比賽圍空地的遊戲，圍了一個空白交叉點就稱為圍了一目，多的獲勝，但先下的黑棋因先手有優勢，最後計算要扣掉&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;6.5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;目。所以圍棋沒有平手，一定分得出勝負。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;十幾年前個人電腦剛流行時，就有圍棋程式了。但是那時的程式棋力實在無甚可觀——讓電腦九子還可以倒贏一百多目。但這個月我才發現當今的圍棋程式遠非吳下阿蒙，不小心亂下會輸給電腦的！&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;主要原因當然是科技發達。電腦的計算能力與速度愈來愈強，加上巨大的資料庫，這使得很多流行的棋，人類都已經下不贏電腦了。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;比如說黑白棋（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Riversi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;，或稱&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Othello&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;），電腦黑白棋老早就已經把人類遠遠甩在後面。讀者如果會下黑白棋，可以上網下載程式「斑馬」（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;WZebra&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;），這是一個非常強的免費黑白棋程式——一盤黑白棋不過六十四步，電腦不僅可以考慮到二十步之後的局面，而且有自我學習的功能！&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-OQtRSZuJYZQ/Ttg118O0RqI/AAAAAAAAAn4/Nyqshr2TsKc/s1600/a.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="310" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-OQtRSZuJYZQ/Ttg118O0RqI/AAAAAAAAAn4/Nyqshr2TsKc/s320/a.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;西洋棋與象棋的狀況好一點。這兩種棋，最強的電腦程式和頂尖的棋手相比，仍然互有勝負。兩年前的專欄中有提及，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;IBM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;的超級電腦「深藍」在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1996&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年以&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;4 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;輸給西洋棋的棋王，隨後在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1997 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年以&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;3.5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;2.5 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;打敗棋王。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;2009 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年電腦象棋程式的前三強，分別與三位象棋高手下棋，以四勝二和立於不敗之地。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;我想不出幾年，隨著演算法（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;algorithm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）和人工智慧（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;A.I.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）不斷改良，配合電腦速度與更龐大的資料庫，很快地，下象棋與下西洋棋時，人類也要被電腦甩到後面去了。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;這樣看來，圍棋目前看來是人類的最後一個堡壘。主要的原因不出以下幾點：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;一、棋局變化太多。人工智慧專家&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Allis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;曾估計，若一盤圍棋平均&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;150&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;手結束，每一手有&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;250&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;個選擇，則共有約&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;10360&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;個棋局。這可是一個天文數字——全宇宙的原子總數估計是&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1080&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;個。古今中外的棋局不知凡幾，但是幾乎不可能有兩盤棋重複。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;二、搜尋深度太深。一個局部看起來沒有用的子，也許在五十手後變成一個勝負的關鍵。要電腦搜尋五十手，資料庫要非常龐大。這也就是我很佩服職業棋手的原因之一。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;光是先下後下的差別就必須補貼到&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;6.5 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;目，這是難以想像的世界。幾年前轟動一時的漫畫「棋靈王」（後來更名為「棋魂」），就是在描寫職業棋手的世界。劇中有下盲棋（沒有棋盤，全憑想像），一色棋（雙方用同樣顏色的子下棋），以及最不可思議的，看出再過幾十手後會輸棋而提早投降。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3evU_pLzwFo/Ttg2Ga9I0JI/AAAAAAAAAoA/phTrFh4E5Vo/s1600/b.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="97" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3evU_pLzwFo/Ttg2Ga9I0JI/AAAAAAAAAoA/phTrFh4E5Vo/s320/b.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;游森棚：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;任教高雄大學應用數學系&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;【更詳細的內容，請參閱第&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;504&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;期科學月刊】&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6042835124768184724-1162013396169818156?l=scimonth.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/feeds/1162013396169818156/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6042835124768184724&amp;postID=1162013396169818156&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/1162013396169818156'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/1162013396169818156'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/12/blog-post_02.html' title='圍棋與數學'/><author><name>SCIENCE MONTHLY</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06972761480182912092</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-OQtRSZuJYZQ/Ttg118O0RqI/AAAAAAAAAn4/Nyqshr2TsKc/s72-c/a.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6042835124768184724.post-6563371793810627479</id><published>2011-12-01T17:35:00.000+08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T17:35:35.092+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='昆蟲百態'/><title type='text'>國寶級的蝴蝶—寬尾鳳蝶</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;若是全民公投「代表台灣的蝴蝶」，寬尾鳳蝶（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Agehana maraho&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）被選上的機會很大，因為牠體型大，翅開展達&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;144&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;公釐，後翅尾狀突起具有兩條翅脈，與其他鳳蝶明顯不同，是台灣的特有種，的確有台灣北部原住民所謂的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;maraho&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;（酋長）的風範。牠首次被發現於&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1932&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年，當時台灣的既知蝴蝶種類已達&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;326&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;種，專家們根據過去的採集調查結果研判，除了小灰蝶、挵蝶等小型或速飛的蝶種外，如鳳蝶等大型蝶幾乎不會出現新種，沒想到竟然採到鳳蝶中的大型種，消息一出，轟動整個昆蟲界，其間經過可參考拙著《台灣昆蟲學史話》（第&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;308~312&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;頁）。因為上述理由，寬尾鳳蝶成為介紹台灣產昆蟲書籍中的常客。在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1945&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年以前的日治時代，寬尾鳳蝶的採集隻數不過是十餘隻，物以稀為貴，而有「八百元蝶」的別稱（相當於現在的幾十萬元）。至&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1967&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年，得知牠的寄主植物為台灣檫樹（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Sasafrass randlaiense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;），此後逐漸知道成蟲的出現期多在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;4~5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;月及&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;7~8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;月，並可能以蛹越冬，目前牠已被列入保育類名單，不能濫採。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ji6cSAYN0Do/TtdKGHekGqI/AAAAAAAAAnw/J1PAo2N2Z94/s1600/%25E5%259C%25961.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="250" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ji6cSAYN0Do/TtdKGHekGqI/AAAAAAAAAnw/J1PAo2N2Z94/s320/%25E5%259C%25961.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;既然知道蛹是主要的越冬期，經過一些基礎試驗，我們應可做到更落實的保育工作。就以蛹越冬的多數鱗翅目昆蟲來說，越冬之前的蛹必定會受到秋天夜晚趨長的日週期變化的影響，此時的影響因子是黑暗期的長短，而非白天光照的強弱。此外，感受光週期是在化蛹之前的特定幼蟲齡期，因此可在室內先調查寬尾鳳蝶幼蟲在第幾齡期能感受到光週期的變化，而決定是否形成越冬蛹，並調查黑暗（夜間）時間（即臨界日照）多長，才能形成越冬蛹。當感光期的幼蟲處在短於臨界日照下，如&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;4~5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;月間出現的成蟲後代幼蟲，由於夜晚不到臨界日照，後來變成非越冬蛹，經過較短的蛹期，成蟲便羽化出來。知道這些基本資料後，可調查已到臨日照時台灣&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;檫&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;樹上的寬尾鳳蝶各齡期的幼蟲數，即可掌握該年冬天的越冬蛹數，進而預測翌春的幼蟲發生量。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;利用上述調查，我們可做一些保育工作，如將未達感受齡期的幼蟲採回室內飼養一段時期，等牠到了感受齡期時，把牠放進光週期等的環境下，讓牠形成越冬蛹。因為讓牠們一直在自然條件下生長時，牠們最後會因為積算溫度之不足（即正常發育所需累積的熱量），而未達化蛹期，遇到冬天低溫時將會凍死；即或幸運發育到化蛹期，也會形成外表看似正常，其實欠乏抗寒性的非越冬蛹，其前途一點也不樂觀。雖然這些非越冬蛹遇到冬季小春天時，即可羽化，幸運地找到交尾對象而產卵，但這些卵孵化後很可能會遇見另一波寒流，導致幼蟲全軍覆沒。如此看來，對於臨界日照與感受齡期關係的探討，是穩定寬尾鳳蝶族群數量很重要的研究項目之一。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;朱耀沂&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;：台灣大學昆蟲系名譽教授&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;【更詳細的內容，請參閱第&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;504&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;期科學月刊】&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6042835124768184724-6563371793810627479?l=scimonth.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/feeds/6563371793810627479/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6042835124768184724&amp;postID=6563371793810627479&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/6563371793810627479'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/6563371793810627479'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/12/blog-post_6454.html' title='國寶級的蝴蝶—寬尾鳳蝶'/><author><name>SCIENCE MONTHLY</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06972761480182912092</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ji6cSAYN0Do/TtdKGHekGqI/AAAAAAAAAnw/J1PAo2N2Z94/s72-c/%25E5%259C%25961.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6042835124768184724.post-9187630212476636146</id><published>2011-12-01T17:24:00.000+08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T17:24:26.908+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='數‧生活與學習'/><title type='text'>多項式與微分學的第一篇論文</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;所&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;謂多項式&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;(&lt;i&gt;x &lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;不過就是像&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;x&lt;sup&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;2&lt;i&gt;x &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;這樣的式子，其中的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;x &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;既不是未知數也不是變數，就是一個稱為「元」、可以像實數一樣運算的符號而已。令&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;＝&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;2&lt;i&gt;x &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;，則&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;＝&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;0 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;稱為方程式，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;就有了未知數的意義，然後可以玩「求根」的遊戲。當寫成&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;(&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;，則稱為多項式函數或二次函數，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;就有了變數的意義，然後可以玩「函數圖形」的遊戲。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;國中課程教了「配方法」，得知&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;2&lt;i&gt;x &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;＝&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;(&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1)&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;。國中生也多半知道二次函數的圖形是「拋物線」，例如&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;y&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;＝&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;(&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;的圖形就是「以&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;(1, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;為頂點，開口向上的拋物線」，如圖一。此時，函數在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;x &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;＝&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;處發生最小值－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7BSqMLTX5ik/TtdGTpMmrNI/AAAAAAAAAnY/OmtQ1icFmm4/s1600/1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7BSqMLTX5ik/TtdGTpMmrNI/AAAAAAAAAnY/OmtQ1icFmm4/s320/1.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;國中生知道如何用直式做多項式除法，並以橫式記成&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;f &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;÷&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;＝&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;q&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;的形式。高中生必須進&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;一步知道，除法橫式可以寫成等式&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;＝&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;pq&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;＋&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;，稱為除法原理。然後，高中生學了一種特殊狀況的簡易除式算法，就是當&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;p &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;＝&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;x &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;c &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;這種一次式時，有所謂的綜合除法（其中&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;c &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;為實數）。例如當&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;＝&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;2&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;5&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;＋&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;4&lt;i&gt;x &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;而&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;＝&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;x &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;時，則&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;g &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;÷&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;(&lt;i&gt;x &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;的綜合除法算式如下：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-w1NFcyblHB0/TtdGfWrZ7PI/AAAAAAAAAng/tqlHndqCD3w/s1600/01.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-w1NFcyblHB0/TtdGfWrZ7PI/AAAAAAAAAng/tqlHndqCD3w/s1600/01.JPG" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;得到了商&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;q &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;＝&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;2&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;3&lt;i&gt;x &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;＋&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;和餘&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;r &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;＝－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;。所以寫成&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;＝&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;(2&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;3&lt;i&gt;x &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;＋&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;1)(&lt;i&gt;x &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;。而高中老師多半還會教學生再做&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;q &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;÷&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;(&lt;i&gt;x &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;，如&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-2COXMD9AKN4/TtdGq1_-sVI/AAAAAAAAAno/WXhqNUEGuzM/s1600/02.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-2COXMD9AKN4/TtdGq1_-sVI/AAAAAAAAAno/WXhqNUEGuzM/s1600/02.JPG" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;所以&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;q &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;＝&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;(2&lt;i&gt;x &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;1)(&lt;i&gt;x &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;＋&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;0 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;，代回&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;g &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;得到&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;g &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;＝&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;((2&lt;i&gt;x &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;1)(&lt;i&gt;x &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;1))(&lt;i&gt;x &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;1&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;＝&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;(2&lt;i&gt;x &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;1)(&lt;i&gt;x &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;1)&lt;sup&gt; 2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;。然而&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;2&lt;i&gt;x &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;＝&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;2(&lt;i&gt;x &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;＋&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;，所以&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;g &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;＝&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;2(&lt;i&gt;x &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;1)&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;＋&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;(&lt;i&gt;x &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;1)&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;，稱&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;g &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;為在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;x &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;＝&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;處的泰勒形式或泰勒多項式。高中老師都會教學生使用泰勒形式估計多項式函數的值。例如若要估計&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;(1.12)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;至百分位，則因為三次項&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;2(0.12)&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;＜&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;0.01 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;可以忽略不計，故&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;(1.12)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Cambria Math', serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;≈&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;(0.12)&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Cambria Math', serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;≈&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;0.98 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;單維彰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;任教中央大學數學系&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;【更詳細的內容，請參閱第&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;504&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;期科學月刊】&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6042835124768184724-9187630212476636146?l=scimonth.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/feeds/9187630212476636146/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6042835124768184724&amp;postID=9187630212476636146&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/9187630212476636146'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/9187630212476636146'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/12/blog-post_6791.html' title='多項式與微分學的第一篇論文'/><author><name>SCIENCE MONTHLY</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06972761480182912092</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7BSqMLTX5ik/TtdGTpMmrNI/AAAAAAAAAnY/OmtQ1icFmm4/s72-c/1.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6042835124768184724.post-4974209741249529611</id><published>2011-12-01T17:00:00.000+08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T17:00:32.939+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='永續發展與綠色科技'/><title type='text'>從搖籃到搖籃的老莊哲學</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;2002&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;一位建築師麥唐諾（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;W . McDonough&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）與一位化學家布朗嘉（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;M. Braungart&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）共同發表新書《從搖籃到搖籃》（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Cradle to Cradle &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;，簡稱&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;C2C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;），提出循環設計理念與零廢棄物目標，提倡資源和材料能無止盡的循環利用，不會破壞本質或有所減損，更不會傷害環境和人類的健康，引起全世界的注目與討論。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;「從搖籃到墳墓」的生命週期評估，幾乎已為環境規劃、管理及評估之基礎，但仔細深思與觀看過去科學家、工程師、產業界及環保人士的環境管理哲學，似乎受困於負面思考方向，尋找晚一點、遲一點進入墳場的替代解方，或者把墳場做的更大、更安全及更漂亮，並未從正面來思考人類真正需要的生活、環境與產業模式。雖然環境工程師也努力想「從墳墓到搖籃」，例如台灣近幾年進行的土壤汙染整治工程或垃圾掩埋場復育工程，但任務困難而成效有限，為何不直接&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;C2C &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;呢？&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;全質管理（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;total quality management&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）讓企業知道產品必須要符合消費者的需求，並全面提高產品品質。但符合消費者需求的產品，不見得能符合環境的需求，以致散布在環境中的毒素、廢棄物，不斷量增，質也愈來愈繁雜與具環境危害性，以致每年有上百萬的兒童因飲用不潔淨的水而致病與死亡；牛奶、飲料、食品、玩具及日用品因塑化劑、環境荷爾蒙等汙染，而危害青少年健康或造成性別混淆；大量海豚或各類生物因為暴露於環境的塑膠廢料而瀕臨絕境。對布朗嘉以及其夥伴而言，減少汙染與減少破壞的思考方式，「是人類想像力的失敗」，地球前景黯淡無光而令人沮喪。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;全質環境管理（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;total environmental quality management&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）強調企業與消費者的利益必須與環境效益相接合，此理念也與&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;C2C &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;推動的「綠色經濟的設計提案」相接近，希望新的工業系統必須謙卑的向大自然學習，自然系統所有的物質基本上都是養料，都該回歸到土壤，根本沒有廢棄物這個概念。布朗嘉在書中及研討會中常展示一顆滿滿花朵的櫻桃樹照片，問現場來賓「花朵遠超過果實的數量，會有人質疑太浪費嗎？」櫻桃花掉落草地，變為養料再化為土壤，完全沒有廢棄任何物質。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;現行許多工業產品受到全球化的影響，製造商在全球到處尋找成本最低的零組件供應商，因此即使在高科技產品中，亦常包含價廉但有毒的塑料、溶劑、染料及許多化學物質，因此即使在環保先進國家被禁用的工業原料，但是在發展中國家並未禁用（最近大陸環保組織指責蘋果公司無視供應商汙染環境，造成昆山新城居民大量患上癌症即為一例），其結果是連製造商也未必知道這些零組件中到底含有什麼毒性物質，但產品或零組件仍然進入歐美及許多先進國家消費市場，造成對環境及生態&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;的危害。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;駱尚廉&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;台灣大學環境工程學研究所特聘教授&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;【更詳細的內容，請參閱第&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;504&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;期科學月刊】&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6042835124768184724-4974209741249529611?l=scimonth.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/feeds/4974209741249529611/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6042835124768184724&amp;postID=4974209741249529611&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/4974209741249529611'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/4974209741249529611'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/12/blog-post_3242.html' title='從搖籃到搖籃的老莊哲學'/><author><name>SCIENCE MONTHLY</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06972761480182912092</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6042835124768184724.post-2250463286315575466</id><published>2011-12-01T15:59:00.000+08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T15:59:55.142+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='評論'/><title type='text'>正視大學教育的國中化與技職化</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;「台&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;師大舉辦『新世代的大學定位與價值』學術研討會中，世新大學校長賴鼎銘批評，政府介入學術無所不在，大學校長最痛苦的就是，教育部一再要求提出績效，但十年樹木百年樹人，一年時間怎麼提出績效。更有學者不滿，現在大學評鑑開始要求老師的核心能力指標，扼殺教學自由，等於是『大學老師國中小化』。」這是前幾天的一則新聞報導，也是很多大學教授憂心的事實，我們不能不正視這個問題。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;在我國傳統中的「大學」一詞，指聚集在特定地點整理、研究和傳播高深領域知識的機構。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;1088&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年在義大利波隆那（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;Bologna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）建立的波隆那大學，被認為是歐洲第一所大學。在西方的傳統中，大學（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;University&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）是由宇宙（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;universe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）這個詞衍生而來的，在拉丁文中為&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;universitas &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;，也是指一群由教師和學生所構成的團體，所以大學是一個進行高等教育及研究的機構，這個定義最重要的旨意，就是學術自由。大學教育就是要培養有批判力、反思力的人，大學就是一個創造知識與思想的團體。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;大學評鑑的型式與實質&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;大學評鑑的目的是要提升大學的品質，在追求教學、研究等學術卓越的過程中，評鑑工作自不能免。評鑑工作要達到完全公正、公平，是必需的要求，但這是表面上的，評鑑的實質內容是什麼，才是最重要的議題。現在大學評鑑要求老師訂出課程核心能力指標，卻是一些空洞名詞的堆砌；此外，把就業能力當作重要指標，大學反而成了職業訓練所。若所定的指標不當，流於型式，久而久之，各大學為符合指標，就失去了大學所以被稱為大學的核心價值了。例如：大學教育是培育大學畢業生具備面對環境時的適應能力，並非未來就職於某單位的技藝，反而應是面對未來快速變遷社會及產業的基本能力。在大學教育中，人格特質的養成是很重要的，具有世界觀，學習與人相處，學習共同合作工作及培養誠信為人的態度，才是大學課程教育以外最重要的培育工作。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;中研院院士周昌弘教授在〈談大學評鑑〉一文中寫道：「舉例言之，本校（中國醫藥大學）在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;月中旬完成三梯次的評鑑工作，弄得學校人仰馬翻，師生同仁團結一致不辭辛勞、徹夜不眠，此精神難能可貴。」又道「有些學校主管要求系所全力以赴，詳細寫報告，並一次再一次的自評及預評，學校也盡量滿足系所提出的要求。」本校（淡江大學）預計於&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;2015 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年完成下梯次的評鑑工作，但在今年已要求全校開始自評及預評，那不止是人仰馬翻，而要翻兩、三翻吧，評鑑為害之烈可見一斑。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;大學評鑑若只注重表面上的、型式上的要求，是沒有意義的，那就像個作文比賽而已。例如化學系的四大基本課程：有機化學、分析化學、無機化學、物理化學，所要建立的核心能力當然是具備化學知識、具備基本科學知識、培養洞察尖端科技之能力、增進閱讀能力及搜尋資料能力等，何需再列出。但評鑑的實質內容是什麼？我舉一個實際的例子，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt; 5 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;年前美國南加州大學的評鑑，要看的是用什麼課本、課程教學計畫表、各次作業及考試題目、所有學生的考卷及其評分、期末的成績評分表等，這樣才能知道什麼程度可以及格，該系的畢業學生需具有什麼程度，才能獲得美國化學會認證（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;certified&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;）的學位。如果評鑑只看開課的名稱，列了核心能力，這是務虛的形式罷了。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;王文竹：任教淡江大學化學系&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;【更詳細的內容，請參閱第&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;504&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;期科學月刊】&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6042835124768184724-2250463286315575466?l=scimonth.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/feeds/2250463286315575466/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6042835124768184724&amp;postID=2250463286315575466&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/2250463286315575466'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/2250463286315575466'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/12/blog-post_01.html' title='正視大學教育的國中化與技職化'/><author><name>SCIENCE MONTHLY</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06972761480182912092</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6042835124768184724.post-1117077849368439241</id><published>2011-12-01T15:33:00.000+08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T15:33:33.610+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='編輯室手記'/><title type='text'>大膽假設，小心求證</title><content type='html'>維他命C發現者、1937年諾貝爾生理醫學獎得主聖捷爾吉（Albert Szent-Gyorgyi）形容科學研究為：「去看每個人都看得見的東西，去想沒有人曾經想過的事情」。也就是從事科學研究要敢去想像，而在創新、大膽假設的背後，則需要不斷的檢視求證。今年諾貝爾獎得主除了在各自領域中有傑出的成就與貢獻，他們的創新與突破改變人類思維，開啟新研究領域，促進社會福祉。&lt;br /&gt;今年的諾貝爾物理獎頒給來自兩個研究團隊的三位天文物理學家──波麥特、施密特與李斯，表揚他們透過觀測Ia型超新星，發現宇宙正以極快速度加速膨脹的成就，這項發現改變了人類對宇宙的看法（第904頁）。為了解釋此現象，科學家必須引進一種未知的能量形式「暗能量」，而暗能量也就是愛因斯坦提出的宇宙常數，愛因斯坦曾認為這個常數是他一生中所犯的最大錯誤（第938頁）。&lt;br /&gt;化學獎頒給發現準晶的以色列化學家──謝赫特曼。準晶是一種介於晶體和非晶體之間的固體，具特殊結構與原子排列秩序，但卻沒有傳統晶體所應有的原子排列與單位晶格平移特性，也就是說原子的排列有秩序但永遠不會重複。此發現改變了傳統結晶學對結晶材料原子排列方式的描述，也重新詮釋新材料的結構與性質，而整個發現過程就是個傳奇故事（第909頁）。&lt;br /&gt;生物醫學獎由三位免疫學家共同獲得──美國的比尤特勒、盧森堡出生的霍夫曼以及加拿大的史坦曼。這三位科學家長期致力於人類免疫系統機制的研究，研究成果在預防和治療「感染、癌症和發炎」上帶來重大貢獻。但較讓人遺憾的是，發現樹突細胞的史坦曼於頒獎前三天不幸逝世，而諾貝爾委員會更是破例依照預定名單受獎予史坦曼，肯定他對人類醫療科學的貢獻（第916頁）。&lt;br /&gt;經濟學獎則頒給兩位美國學者──薩金特和席姆斯，他們的研究成果解答了有關經濟政策和諸如國內生產毛額、通貨膨脹、就業和投資等總體經濟變數之間的因果關係，為現今的總體經濟分析奠定重要基礎（第922頁）。&lt;br /&gt;胡適先生在1919年提出「大膽假設，小心求證」的治學方法。幾乎每個人都知道小心求證的重要，但往往忽略了小心求證前的大膽假設。若當年三位天文學家沒有看出Ia型超新星背後所隱藏的宇宙奧秘，謝赫特曼因為別人的嘲笑而放棄準晶的研究，史坦曼因在意教科書或以往研究，而忽略了「奇形怪狀」的樹突細胞……，就不會有如今的榮耀。若我們只走別人走過的路，那社會將失去活力而停滯不前，如何在生活中不因循舊規，是每個人都該學習的功課。（連以婷）&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6042835124768184724-1117077849368439241?l=scimonth.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/feeds/1117077849368439241/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6042835124768184724&amp;postID=1117077849368439241&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/1117077849368439241'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/1117077849368439241'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/12/blog-post.html' title='大膽假設，小心求證'/><author><name>SCIENCE MONTHLY</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06972761480182912092</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6042835124768184724.post-6651597398052999283</id><published>2011-09-10T14:07:00.001+08:00</published><updated>2011-09-14T20:20:46.041+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='目錄'/><title type='text'>2011年7月號499期　目錄</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aoDyFCNMW9s/Thafo6E82zI/AAAAAAAAAmM/L5LwD0lteOI/s1600/11-07-cover.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aoDyFCNMW9s/Thafo6E82zI/AAAAAAAAAmM/L5LwD0lteOI/s320/11-07-cover.jpg" width="225" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;482 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;編輯室手記&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/07/blog-post.html"&gt;善用輻射，健康生活&lt;/a&gt;　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;編輯部&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;484 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;評　論&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/07/blog-post_08.html"&gt;論「十二年連貫課程」裡的科學課程&lt;/a&gt;　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;劉源俊&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;486 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;百年大紀&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_200466265"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;鑑往知來—台灣百年科技回顧&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;（民國&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;61~70 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/07/blog-post_7324.html"&gt;年）&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;編輯部&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;488 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;一月紀聞&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/07/201107499.html"&gt;國內篇&lt;/a&gt;／&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/07/201107499_08.html"&gt;國外篇&lt;/a&gt;　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;編輯部&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;492 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;永續發展與綠色科技&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/07/blog-post_7123.html"&gt;永續水資源利用&lt;/a&gt;　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;駱尚廉&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;494 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;數．生活與學習&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/07/blog-post_1711.html"&gt;高中數學程度的代數基本定理&lt;/a&gt;　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;單維彰&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;496 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;昆蟲百態&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;生活史超長的昆蟲─週期蟬　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;朱耀沂&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;498 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;游理數．數裡遊&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;Hello Kitty &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;的數學　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;游森棚&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;500 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;國際期刊傳真　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;特約編輯群&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;502 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;焦點報導&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;撥雲見月—起雲劑和塑化劑　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;王文竹&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;503 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;焦點報導&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/07/blog-post_11.html"&gt;塑膠時代的必備常識&lt;/a&gt;　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;黃景忠、陳幹男&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;508 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;中研院點將錄&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;科學的園丁 謙遜的力量—中研院植微所所長黃煥中專訪　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;王婷婷&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;515 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;封面故事&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;別怕，輻射能致命也能救命！—&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;透析人體健康的放射醫學　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;編輯部&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;516 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;封面故事&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;輻射其實離我們很近—輻射與生活　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;張仕康、門立中&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;521 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;封面故事&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;醫療輻射透視你的健康狀況—安全、快速的診斷技術—核子醫學　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;黃文盛、陳家杰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;528 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;封面故事&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;診測健康狀況，治療疾病於未發—核醫藥物及其診斷原理　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;林武智&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;532 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;封面故事&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;無血的手術—日漸精準及人性化的體外放射治療　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;張立平&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;535 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;封面故事&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;深入民生的產業應用—運用於醫農工產業中的輻射照射　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;陳家杰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;540 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;對立‧對稱‧對話—《天使與魔鬼》書中的伽利略密碼　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;邱韻如&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;546 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;閱讀時間　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;編輯部&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;548 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;大家談科學&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;具有不同&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;DNA &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;的庫亞氏病患者　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;江建勳&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;549 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;大家談科學&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;負一和正一之間　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;徐　統&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;550 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;科學大觀園&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;全球暖化對台灣蜥蜴的衝擊—以蘭嶼長尾南蜥為例　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;黃文山&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;552 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;科學史話&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;王恭廠大爆炸　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;楊龢之&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;554 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;化學年聊化學&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;用有機分子做成的磁鐵（上）　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;王文竹&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;556 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;科學教育 我有話說&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;認識化學名辭的正確意義—以「原子量」為例　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;劉廣定&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;558 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;7 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;月號科月讀者滿意度調查表&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6042835124768184724-6651597398052999283?l=scimonth.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/feeds/6651597398052999283/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6042835124768184724&amp;postID=6651597398052999283&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/6651597398052999283'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/6651597398052999283'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/07/20117499.html' title='2011年7月號499期　目錄'/><author><name>SCIENCE MONTHLY</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06972761480182912092</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aoDyFCNMW9s/Thafo6E82zI/AAAAAAAAAmM/L5LwD0lteOI/s72-c/11-07-cover.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6042835124768184724.post-786091096229380689</id><published>2011-09-10T13:00:00.000+08:00</published><updated>2011-09-14T20:20:39.207+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='目錄'/><title type='text'>2011年6月號498期　目錄</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XS9OeCMFLmc/Thadiu9VpDI/AAAAAAAAAmI/yWrzt4r1AyI/s1600/11-06-cover.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XS9OeCMFLmc/Thadiu9VpDI/AAAAAAAAAmI/yWrzt4r1AyI/s320/11-06-cover.jpg" width="225" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;402 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;編輯室手記&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/06/blog-post.html"&gt;人工智慧 引領未來&lt;/a&gt;　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;編輯部&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;404 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;評　論&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;末日預言 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;VS &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;科學諸葛　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;陳建志&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;406 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;百年大紀&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;鑑往知來—台灣百年科技回顧（民國&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;51~60 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;年）　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;編輯部&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;408 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;一月紀聞&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;國內篇／國外篇　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;編輯部&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;412 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;永續發展與綠色科技&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;生態化綠建築　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;駱尚廉&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;414 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;數．生活與學習&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;高中數學課程裡的線性規劃　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;單維彰&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;416 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;昆蟲百態&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;嗜血成性的小昆蟲—跳蚤　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;朱耀沂&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;418 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;游理數．數裡遊&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;數學隨想之二　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;游森棚&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;420 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;國際期刊傳真　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;特約編輯群&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;422 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;紙上專討會&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;珊瑚觀天：能知良辰吉時　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;程樹德&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;427 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;封面故事&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;邁向人機對話新里程—&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;華生啊，你自認超越人腦了嗎？　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;編輯部&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;428 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;封面故事&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;華生登場．一鳴驚人—超級電腦聰明過人？　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;連以婷&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;433 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;封面故事&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;華生幕後．算計言語—華生背後的科學—計算語言學　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;林守德&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;438 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;封面故事&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;華生應用．科技服務—&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;IBM &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;華生聰明問答 醫生未來好幫手　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;蕭丁瑞&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;444 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;封面故事&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;華生進化．心智思考—追求自主學習的境界　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;黃健★山夆★、林鈺峰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;448 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;生物醫學&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;江建勳&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;456 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;實驗&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;DIY&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;全年無休的火山能量—史特林引擎地熱發電示範機組　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;周鑑恒&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;460 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;生命三角—地震避難處選擇的爭議　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;劉坤松&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;466 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;大家談科學&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;省電的白光發光二極體照明　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;劉如熹&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;468 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;閱讀時間　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;編輯部&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;470 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;科學大觀園&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;博物館與學校教育　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;劉德祥&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;472 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;科學史話&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;元代的天文地理—《阿合馬手稿》與《混一疆理歷代國都之圖》　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;張　廷&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;474 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;化學年聊化學&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;科學界的高手偵探—質譜儀　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;何國榮&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;476 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;科學教育我有話說&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;「氧分壓≠氧濃度」—如何表達血液中的氧含量？　　&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;蔡任圃&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF; font-size: 8pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12.5pt;"&gt;480 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: DFHei-Md-HK-BF;"&gt;科月讀者滿意度調查表&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6042835124768184724-786091096229380689?l=scimonth.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/feeds/786091096229380689/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6042835124768184724&amp;postID=786091096229380689&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/786091096229380689'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/786091096229380689'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/07/20116498.html' title='2011年6月號498期　目錄'/><author><name>SCIENCE MONTHLY</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06972761480182912092</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XS9OeCMFLmc/Thadiu9VpDI/AAAAAAAAAmI/yWrzt4r1AyI/s72-c/11-06-cover.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6042835124768184724.post-4593801196647854509</id><published>2011-08-31T16:59:00.000+08:00</published><updated>2011-08-31T16:59:24.791+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='編輯室手記'/><title type='text'>重啟生命的新法</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-family: 細明體; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;"&gt;每天早上搭公車來上班的途中，常常看到一些老人，雙手顫抖、步履蹣跚、彎腰駝背，當我急急忙忙站起來讓位時，他們嘴中咕噥的謝了一聲，很吃力地坐到椅子上；偶爾我會從旁偷偷觀察，這些老人家總是兩眼直視，表情呆滯，看似在生氣，我不禁猜測這些異常舉動是否是因為中風而導致的後遺症，但對照我家隔壁那位曾經中風的老爺爺，好像又有點不同。他雖然行動不變，卻沒有顫抖的症狀，他雖然時而愁眉苦臉的，但看到我仍會對我笑。直到最近看了電影《愛情藥不藥》，內容描述一位患有巴金森病女孩追求愛情的故事，我才恍然大悟，原來這些老人家可能罹患了巴金森病。&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 細明體; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;"&gt;巴金森病是個難纏的疾病，好發於老年人，全台預估有&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;萬人罹患此病，目前沒有治癒方法，發病初期能藉由藥物控制病情，但隨著病情進展，藥物逐漸失去療效且引起行動不良的副作用，我們不禁要問──那病患的下一步該怎麼走呢？&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 細明體; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;"&gt;本次的封面故事將帶領讀者從腦神經外科發展史切入，使讀者了解在這六、七十年間，腦神經醫學如何有突飛猛進的發展，腦神經外科醫師如何從救命角色轉變成維護功能的使者（第&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;668&lt;/span&gt;頁）。接著介紹巴金森病的新療法──深部腦電刺激術，它雖然被稱為新療法，但已發展了&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;20&lt;/span&gt;餘年，因此手術的安全性與效果都被證實，是目前腦部侵入手術治療最佳選擇（第&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;674&lt;/span&gt;頁）。但在進行手術時，醫師無法由肉眼或是腦部影像來區分何者是目標區，此時就要借助神經細胞電位來判別，以提升手術成功率（第&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;680&lt;/span&gt;頁）。最後，隨著醫學進步，我們對腦部構造也更加認識，深部腦電刺激術不再只能侷限於巴金森病的治療，它也可以用於憂鬱症、強迫症患者身上，使以往藥石罔效的疾病見得一線曙光（第&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;686&lt;/span&gt;頁）。&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 細明體; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;"&gt;或許看了這麼多腦結構、神經傳導機制，讀者們可能需要喘一口氣，就讓我們漫步到中研院數學所，聽聽劉太平所長談談他的學思歷程吧！劉所長認為科學研究、特別是基礎研究是一件辛苦且困難的工作，研究者必須欣賞它的難，以難為美，才能做好研究。劉所長也談到數學教育應該要循序漸進、因材施教，根據學生學習的速度，調整教學方式，或許這也給近日吵的沸沸揚揚「十二年國教」一個出口（第&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;662&lt;/span&gt;頁）。&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 細明體; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt;"&gt;科學教育、醫學發展的最終目的都是希望能有更好的未來，幫助更多需要的人。或許現在我們的能力有限，但如果有一顆敏銳的心，能夠洞察周遭人的需要，適時伸出援手，你我也能夠成為他們心靈上的安慰者。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6042835124768184724-4593801196647854509?l=scimonth.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/feeds/4593801196647854509/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6042835124768184724&amp;postID=4593801196647854509&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/4593801196647854509'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/4593801196647854509'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/08/blog-post.html' title='重啟生命的新法'/><author><name>SCIENCE MONTHLY</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06972761480182912092</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6042835124768184724.post-9180792177475456200</id><published>2011-08-31T16:52:00.001+08:00</published><updated>2011-08-31T16:53:01.644+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='勘誤'/><title type='text'>《科學月刊》第501期勘誤</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-8589563018645357914" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 500px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;"&gt;第714-716頁，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-8589563018645357914" style="position: relative; width: 500px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"&gt;〈&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"&gt;從一個高中物理題目談起&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;"&gt;〉&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-8589563018645357914" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 500px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;因有多處勘誤，故放上更正後的PDF檔，&lt;a href="http://www.scimonth.com.tw/%E5%BE%9E%E4%B8%80%E5%80%8B%E9%AB%98%E4%B8%AD%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E9%A1%8C%E7%9B%AE%E8%AB%87%E8%B5%B7.pdf" style="color: #b16d00; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"&gt;請於此下載&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-8589563018645357914" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 500px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-8589563018645357914" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 500px;"&gt;&lt;span class="PackedElements PackedElements-0" style="line-height: 1.4;"&gt;謹向作者與各位讀者致歉。&lt;br /&gt;科學月刊編輯部 敬上&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6042835124768184724-9180792177475456200?l=scimonth.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/feeds/9180792177475456200/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6042835124768184724&amp;postID=9180792177475456200&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/9180792177475456200'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/9180792177475456200'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/08/501.html' title='《科學月刊》第501期勘誤'/><author><name>SCIENCE MONTHLY</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06972761480182912092</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6042835124768184724.post-6935864159280687318</id><published>2011-08-31T13:57:00.003+08:00</published><updated>2011-08-31T14:02:57.012+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='勘誤'/><title type='text'>《科學月刊》第495期勘誤</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-8589563018645357914" style="position: relative; width: 500px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;"&gt;第201-209頁，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-8589563018645357914" style="position: relative; width: 500px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;"&gt;〈&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"&gt;生命演化的大哉問—&lt;/span&gt;探索生命軌跡—&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"&gt;大爆發、大滅絕與大復甦&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;"&gt;〉&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-8589563018645357914" style="position: relative; width: 500px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;因有多處勘誤，故放上更正後的PDF檔，&lt;a href="http://www.scimonth.com.tw/%E5%A4%A7%E7%88%86%E7%99%BC%E5%A4%A7%E6%BB%85%E7%B5%95%E5%A4%A7%E5%BE%A9%E7%94%A6(%E4%BF%AE%E8%A8%82-2).pdf"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"&gt;請於此下載&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-8589563018645357914" style="position: relative; width: 500px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 1.4;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-8589563018645357914" style="position: relative; width: 500px;"&gt;&lt;span class="PackedElements PackedElements-0" style="line-height: 1.4;"&gt;謹向作者與各位讀者致歉。&lt;br /&gt;科學月刊編輯部 敬上&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6042835124768184724-6935864159280687318?l=scimonth.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/feeds/6935864159280687318/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6042835124768184724&amp;postID=6935864159280687318&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/6935864159280687318'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/6935864159280687318'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/08/495.html' title='《科學月刊》第495期勘誤'/><author><name>SCIENCE MONTHLY</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06972761480182912092</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6042835124768184724.post-4059754246504415049</id><published>2011-08-30T15:46:00.000+08:00</published><updated>2011-08-11T15:41:10.149+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='目錄'/><title type='text'>2011年5月號497期　目錄</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kKFerWFqA6c/TcNh977MVXI/AAAAAAAAAlg/vTqYntrQAsg/s1600/5%25E6%259C%2588%25E5%25B0%2581%25E9%259D%25A2.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5603430078064907634" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kKFerWFqA6c/TcNh977MVXI/AAAAAAAAAlg/vTqYntrQAsg/s320/5%25E6%259C%2588%25E5%25B0%2581%25E9%259D%25A2.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; float: right; height: 320px; margin: 0 0 10px 10px; width: 226px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;322 總編輯的話&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/05/blog-post.html"&gt;從「地球日」看天燈&lt;/a&gt;　　林基興&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;323 編輯室手記&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/04/blog-post_28.html"&gt;人類，致命殺手的幫兇&lt;/a&gt;　　編輯部&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;324 評　論&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/05/blog-post_01.html"&gt;從三哩島、車諾比到福島核電廠事故&lt;/a&gt;　　李 敏&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;326 百年大紀&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/05/201105497.html"&gt;鑑往知來—台灣百年科技回顧（民國41~50 年）&lt;/a&gt;　　編輯部&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;328 一月紀聞&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/05/201105497_01.html"&gt;國內篇&lt;/a&gt;／&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/05/201105497_6883.html"&gt;國外篇&lt;/a&gt;　　編輯部&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;332 永續發展與綠色科技&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/05/blog-post_9148.html"&gt;綠色能源與綠電&lt;/a&gt;　駱尚廉&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;334 數．生活與學習&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/05/blog-post_6270.html"&gt;高中「綜合數學」時期教材的特色&lt;/a&gt;　　單維彰&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;336 昆蟲百態&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/05/blog-post_4995.html"&gt;最常見的蝴蝶─紋白蝶&lt;/a&gt;　朱耀沂&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;338 游理數．數裡遊&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/05/blog-post_2606.html"&gt;支援前線&lt;/a&gt;　　游森棚&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;340 &lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/05/201105497_2503.html"&gt;國際期刊傳真&lt;/a&gt;　　特約編輯群&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;342 中研院點將錄&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;探究生命的成長與蛻變—&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;中研院細生所所長謝道時專訪　　李鍾旻&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;349 封面故事&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;跨越物種的致命殺手─人畜共通傳染病　　編輯部&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;350 封面故事&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;跨物種、跨國界殺手—狂牛症、禽流感、狂犬病　　李淑慧&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;352 封面故事&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/05/blog-post_1843.html"&gt;隱身於食物中的冷血殺手—狂牛症&lt;/a&gt;　　李淑慧、許偉誠&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;359 封面故事&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;乘上翅膀、擴散迅速的突變殺手—禽流感　　鄭明珠&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;366 封面故事&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;尖牙利齒的瘋狂殺手—狂犬病　　李淑慧、蔡國榮&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;372 電影放大鏡&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;好萊塢的天外來客—到底有沒有外星人　　許家偉&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;380 科月書評&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;科普漫遊中的傳記小品　　洪萬生&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;381 科月書評&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;趣味童書般的科普書　　范賢娟&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;383 科月讀者滿意度調查表&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;384 閱讀時間　　編輯部&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;386 科學大家談&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;能夠阻止禽流感傳播的基因改良雞　　許家偉&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;388 科學教育 我有話說&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;誰來督導整合我們的科學教育？　　劉源俊&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;392 科學大觀園&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;國家寶庫與自然保育　　周文豪&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;394 科學史話&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;《夏宜樓》—李笠翁的科學小說　　金　濤&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;396 化學年聊化學&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;上天造物之奇 有機合成之妙（下）　　施增廉&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6042835124768184724-4059754246504415049?l=scimonth.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/feeds/4059754246504415049/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6042835124768184724&amp;postID=4059754246504415049&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/4059754246504415049'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/4059754246504415049'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/05/20115497.html' title='2011年5月號497期　目錄'/><author><name>SCIENCE MONTHLY</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06972761480182912092</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kKFerWFqA6c/TcNh977MVXI/AAAAAAAAAlg/vTqYntrQAsg/s72-c/5%25E6%259C%2588%25E5%25B0%2581%25E9%259D%25A2.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6042835124768184724.post-1850832117129743973</id><published>2011-08-30T14:00:00.000+08:00</published><updated>2011-08-11T15:41:07.554+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='目錄'/><title type='text'>2011年4月號496期　目錄</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5KFva3dkVqY/TaPqvUTQrVI/AAAAAAAAAiA/c4uaHCD8a8g/s1600/2010-04-cover.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5594573260748533074" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5KFva3dkVqY/TaPqvUTQrVI/AAAAAAAAAiA/c4uaHCD8a8g/s320/2010-04-cover.jpg" style="cursor: hand; float: right; height: 320px; margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; width: 226px;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; color: black;"&gt;242 總編輯的話  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5KFva3dkVqY/TaPqvUTQrVI/AAAAAAAAAiA/c4uaHCD8a8g/s1600/2010-04-cover.jpg"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; color: black;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/04/blog-post_15.html"&gt;為何爭執？&lt;/a&gt;　林基興&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;243 編輯室手記 &lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/04/blog-post.html"&gt;地面、海面，都不平&lt;/a&gt;　編輯部&lt;br /&gt;244 評　論  &lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/04/blog-post_01.html"&gt;新聞媒體的被害妄想症—天文「常識」也恐慌&lt;/a&gt;　　曾耀寰&lt;br /&gt;246 百年大紀 &lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/04/blog-post_8151.html"&gt;鑑往知來—台灣百年科技回顧（民國31~40年）&lt;/a&gt;　編輯部&lt;br /&gt;248 一月紀聞&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/04/201104496.html"&gt;國內篇&lt;/a&gt;／&lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/04/201104496_01.html"&gt;國外篇&lt;/a&gt;　編輯部&lt;br /&gt;252 永續發展與綠色科技 &lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/04/blog-post_7732.html"&gt;綠色交通運輸&lt;/a&gt;　駱尚廉&lt;br /&gt;254 數．生活與學習 &lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/04/pisa.html"&gt;PISA數學題目的文字品質&lt;/a&gt;　單維彰&lt;br /&gt;256 昆蟲百態 &lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/04/blog-post_7248.html"&gt;受到工業革命影響的蛾—霜斑枝尺蠖蛾&lt;/a&gt;　朱耀沂&lt;br /&gt;258 游理數．數裡遊 &lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/04/blog-post_8841.html"&gt;海嘯的數學&lt;/a&gt;　游森棚&lt;br /&gt;260 &lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/04/201104496_6963.html"&gt;國際期刊傳真&lt;/a&gt;　　特約編輯群&lt;br /&gt;262 焦點報導 &lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/04/blog-post_1428.html"&gt;天崩地裂的考驗—從日本核災看核安危機處理&lt;/a&gt;　李　敏&lt;br /&gt;263 焦點報導 &lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/04/blog-post_6144.html"&gt;灰色的春天—福島核電廠輻射外釋事件&lt;/a&gt;　魏和祥&lt;br /&gt;273 封面故事 世界不是平的—分布極度不均的科技資源　編輯部&lt;br /&gt;274 封面故事 &lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/04/blog-post_1131.html"&gt;高科技產業原料— 工業的維他命—稀土金屬&lt;/a&gt;　　陳登銘&lt;br /&gt;280 封面故事 &lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/04/blog-post_2747.html"&gt;高效率的核能燃料— 蘊藏巨大能量的元素—鈾&lt;/a&gt;　柯廣裕&lt;br /&gt;285 封面故事 &lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/04/blog-post_1609.html"&gt;極致的硬度與導熱— 半導體與醫學界的新星—鑽石&lt;/a&gt;　陳慧蓉、張煥正&lt;br /&gt;291 封面故事 &lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/04/blog-post_4617.html"&gt;最優良的冷卻劑— 多用途的氣體—氦氣&lt;/a&gt;　古煥球&lt;br /&gt;298 紙上專討會 &lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/04/blog-post_4278.html"&gt;新種形成—秘中之秘&lt;/a&gt;　　程樹德&lt;br /&gt;307 &lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/04/blog-post_1032.html"&gt;用生物學驗證美國歷史爭議— 傑佛遜與黑人女奴有愛的結晶？&lt;/a&gt;　朱真一&lt;br /&gt;312 科學大觀園 &lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/04/blog-post_8679.html"&gt;果蠅與人類疾病的研究（下） —肥胖與心臟病&lt;/a&gt;　顧世紅&lt;br /&gt;314 科學史話 &lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/04/blog-post_7207.html"&gt;雎鳩是什麼鳥？&lt;/a&gt;　張之傑&lt;br /&gt;316 化學年聊化學 &lt;a href="http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/04/blog-post_5327.html"&gt;上天造物之奇 有機合成之妙（上&lt;/a&gt;）　施增廉&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6042835124768184724-1850832117129743973?l=scimonth.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/feeds/1850832117129743973/comments/default' title='張貼意見'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6042835124768184724&amp;postID=1850832117129743973&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 個意見'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/1850832117129743973'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6042835124768184724/posts/default/1850832117129743973'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2011/04/20114496.html' title='2011年4月號496期　目錄'/><author><name>SCIENCE MONTHLY</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06972761480182912092</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5KFva3dkVqY/TaPqvUTQrVI/AAAAAAAAAiA/c4uaHCD8a8g/s72-c/2010-04-cover.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6042835124768184724.post-1020940678693016455</id><publ
